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Intestinal Schistosomiasis And Its Possible Prevention And Control
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The
disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost as a result of
schistosomiasis was estimated to be 1.7 million.3,4 However, in
estimating the DALYs, the case definition used for schistosomiasis was
limited to infection and associated mortality from schistosomiasis, and
excludes mortality from bladder cancer, cirrhosis, or colon cancer that
may be related to the infection. Hence, only an average of 0.006
disability weights was used in the estimation.3 King re-estimated the
DALYs associated with Schistosoma infection using the assumption that
all past and present Schistosoma infections are part of the ongoing
disease burden of schistosomiasis. Using a disability weight of 2%, the
new DALYs estimate was 24–29 million, which was almost 20 times higher
than the previous estimate. Elimation and control of schistosomiasis has
been successful in a number of countries including Japan, Tunisia,
Puerto Rico, Iran, Mauritius, Venezuela, Morocco, and most of the
Caribbean, but it remains a major public health challenge in many other
countries. In this current perspective, we discuss the current burden of
disease, the life cycle, morbidity, treatment, integrated control, and
disease prevention.
1.1 Definition of Terms
a. Ascites: an
abnormal pooling of fluid in the abdominal cavity; the fluid contains
large amounts of protein and other cells. Ascites is usually noticed
when more than 1pint (500 ml) of fluid has collected
b. Bacteriuria
:the presence of bacteria in the urine. More than 100,000 bacteria per
ml of urine usually mean urinary tract infection is present.
c. Dermatitis, an inflammation of the skin marked by redness, pain, or itching. The condition may be long-term or sudden
d.
Dysuria, painful urination, usually the result of a bacterial infection
or blockage in theurinary tract. Dysuria is a symptom of such
conditions as inflammation of the urinary bladder (cystitis), swelling
of the urethra (urethritis), swelling of the prostate (prostatitis),
urinary tract tumors, and some gynecological disorders
e. Hematuria,
abnormal presence of blood in the urine. Many kidney diseases
anddisorders of the genital and urinary systems can cause hematuria
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease that ranks second only to malaria in terms of human suffering in the tropics and subtropics. Five species are known to infect man and there are currently over 240 million people infected worldwide. The cornerstone of control to date has been mass drug administration with 40 mg/kg of praziquantel but there are problems with this approach. Human and bovine vaccines are in various stages of development. Integrated control, targeting the life cycle, is ... Continue reading---
