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The Prevalence Of Streptococcus Pneumonia Patients
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1.2 CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMONIA
Pneumonia can be classified into three
-Acute, hospital –acquired
- Acute, community –acquired
- Chronic pneumonia (Inglis 1996)
a).
ACUTE COMMUNITY ACQUIRED: this is defined as pneumonia whose
onset occurs either prior to or immediately after mission to hospital.
It is one of the classics of pneumonia that cause death worldwide
(Fraser, 1996).
Patients with acute pneumonia usually have cough,
chest signs and fever. The cough may or may not be productive of
purulent sputum (Stephen, 2002). The most important consequence of
actuate pneumonia is improvement of respiratory function, which should
be assessed as a first priority ( Frasch and concopcion, 2000).
b.
ACUTE HOSPTAL ACQUIRED: This type of pneumonia affects smoker, patient
with prior chest disense or following operation (especially thoracis and
upper abdominal) and ventillated critically patient (inglis, 1996). The
last group have the highest relative risk (Ross, 1994).
c.
CHRONIC PNEUMONIA: This have a more insidious onset and prolong course
than actuate pneumonia. There is no single symptom complex, so the
diagnosis is often bused on radiological finding (Frasch and cocaplion,
2002). Cough may productive of parnlent sputum occasionally blood
stained.
1.3 CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA
Cause for the
development of pneumonia are extrinsic or intrinsic and various bacteria
causative against exist (Nester et al 2001).
Extrinsic factor
include exposure to a causative agent pulmonary irratante, or direct
pulmonary injury, while intrinsic factor are related to the host.
In
most cause, the primary infection is casued by qa virus eg Rhinovirus,
Adanovirus etc. but there is often a secondary infection with a bacteria
pathogen from the upper respiratory tract, most ommon is streptococcus
pneumonia Gawatz et al, 2001) the streptococcus pneumonia also know as
pnumococcus appears to be the primary cause of many cases of pneumonia,
particularly ldorar and bronche pneumonia with Homophiles influenza as a
frequent co- pathogen (Fraser, 1996) but often these pneumonic
infection are triggered by a proceeding viral infection of the upper
respiratory tract such as common cold (Wisconsin, 2003).
Other
secondary invaders of the lower respiratory tract that can cause
pneumonia are staphylococcus aureus, which may cause fatal pneumonia
after streptococcus pneumonia (Staphen, 2002). Haemophilus influenza,
Kiabsiella pneumonia etc Jawetz at al 2001).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia in pneumonia patients using university of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu as a case study was carried out based on the fact of the pneumonia is one of the commonest afflictions of the aged people and children worldwide. A total of 50 samples were collected. 12 (24%) of the sample were from sputum while 38 (76%) were from nasopharyned swabs from children who can not produce sputum using sterilized disposable swab sticks. 12 (24%) of the patients we ... Continue reading---
