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The Incidence Of Salmonella And Escherchia Coli In Livestock (poultry) Feeds
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The
incidence of salmonella and Escherida coli simply means the extent to
which the enteric organisms (Escherichia coli) that are part of the
normal flora and incidentally causes disease and pathogenic organism
(salmonella) affect the poultry feeds. Hill, D.H; and Davis, O.s;
(1962). Shoening et al 1942). Defined diseases as any abnormal
condition of the tissue of the body, the cells that make up the various
tissue have specific functions to perform. Pekzar et al (1977) defined
Salmonell is as a disease of the chick fowl and swim bird cause by some
species or Salnaonells.
Anon (1963) described pullorum disease as an
actute infection disease of body chicks caused by salnonella pullorum.
Infection is the entering of the disease produces organisms into the
animal.
Livestock (Poultry )gets infected when pathogenic organisms
passes to the susceptible animal through the through the following
avenues (Esmat Omar 1977).
Feeds and contaminated water feed or water
containing droppings or waste products of diseased animal will help
spread the organisms to fresh hosts. The feeding troughs and watering
vessels aso spread the diseases if not separated.
Dropping or
excretes: These material are the gateway out for some stages of
organisms to go out of the host and get to fresh animal hosts.
Close
contact – some disease spread by contact. Their agents may be external
parasites or air borne in which case nearness to the superior’s birds
increase the changes of getting the organisms
To or event the disease
pathogenic organism from getting into the body of poultry, attention
should be payed to those factors that influence their infections and
spread. First and foremost, they should have disease resisting stock,
provide good shelter, clean range, proper feeding and practice
separating the unhealthy ones from the healthy poultry, quarantining new
stock. In case of poultry, the brooder house should be 30m to 48m from
old birds. Such that they gets good feed and sunlight. They should act
be allowed to get in contact with their droppings or excretes since
their dropping carry the pathogenic organisms. Sanitation is very
important in poultry management by cleaning of water cans and feed
troughs and finally disinfecting the stock to help reduce organic
matter.
1.1 JUSTIFICATION
This study has been
justified by the need and safety of consuming children (white meat)
which has low cholesterol but rich in protein than beef which has high
cholesterol. Also human beings and the world at large, benefit from our
poultry farms where we have the layers (Egg producing Chiks) and the
broilers (Heavy chicks) for consumption.
The poultry (chicken) are
rich in protein and amino acid needed for growth. Livestock feeds are
formulated to a ratio for different species and classes of poultry.
These are also feed additive, which may be added to the feed to prevent
disease or make animals utilize feed better. Some ingredient
concentrate is added to nourish the feed.
1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To highlight the various importance of the livestock (poultry) t human and our industries.
To determine the incidence of bacteria infection such as balmonella
and Escherichia coli which cause health hazard to the poultry (Chiken).
To isolate and deduce effect of salmonella specie and Escherichia coli
in livestock (poultry) and their feeds.
To advice poultry farmers on how to preserve and handle their farms
feeds from infections diseases to the birds.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] This work is aimed at determining the incidence of bacterial injections such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli which cause health hazards to the poultry in their feeds. Sample feed were obtained from commercial mash operation/ pellet mill operation at New heaven and top feed at Ogbete main market Enugu. The samples were screened for total aerobic bacteria count, total coliform count and the characterization of the bacteria isolates carried out while indole test and citrate test were use ... Continue reading---
