• Analysis Of Properties Of Kaolin Deposits In Nigeria
    [CASE OF STUDIES OF KPANKOROGI AND IJERO-EKITI]

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    • CHAPTER FIVE
      5.0                             Conclusion and Recommendations
      5.1    Conclusion
      Compositional features and industrial applications of Kpankorogi and ijero Ekiti kaolin clay were analyzed based on mineralogy, Chemical composition and physical characteristics of the deposits. This is with the view to determining its suitability as industrial raw material. From the study, it is Obtained that kpankorogi kaolin clay deposit is predominantly Quartz but with high SiO2 and Al2O3 contents, while Ijero-Ekiti kaolin clay deposit is predominantly orthoclase with high SiO2 and Al2O3 contents.
      We can therefore conclude that both the Kpankorogi and Ijero-Ekiti  kaolin deposits can only be used industrially if beneficiated, because they do not completely meet all the required specifications in their natural form.
      5.2 Recommendation
      In other to have the best quality products and become one of the nations with high quality products, chemical, mineralogical and reliable geotechnical data on every mineral resource should be made available. This will go a long way to reduce importation and increase the standard of our indigenous or local industrial products. In view of this the following recommendations are made:
      I.    Further work should be carried out on the engineering properties while the reserve estimation of these deposits should be done to ascertain the commercial potential of the deposits.
      II.    Government of Nigeria should sensitize various industries on the numerous industrial applications of kaolin through their agencies
      III.    Such as Raw Material Research and Development Council and others, so as to encourage mining and the use of kaolin.
      IV.    Fund should also be made available for extensive research work.
      V.    Favorable environment should be provided for local and foreign investors in raw materials (kaolin inclusive) development.

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    • ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThis study considered the mineralogical, elemental composition in form oxides and engineering properties such as particle size, specific gravity, bulk density; water content and atterberg limits of two kaolin deposits in Kpankorogi in Edu Local Government of Kwara State and in Ijero-Ekiti in Ijero-Ekiti Local Government Area, Ekiti State.This is  with a view to assessing their potentials for Various industrial applications. The analyses includes X-Ray Diffraction (XRD and X-Ray Fluoresc ... Continue reading---

         

      LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 4.1:    Engineering and physical properties of the samples  Table 4.2:    Grain Size Analysis of the samples    Table 4.3:    Chemical composition of the Samples   Table 4.4:    Mineralogical components of the Samples Table 4.5      Major elemental oxides tested by kaolin sample compared with  chemical and industrial specifications  ... Continue reading---

         

      LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURESFig. 3.1:      Map of Nigeria Showing Kwara and Ekiti States   Fig. 3.2:      Map of Ekiti State indicating the study Area A            Fig. 3.3:      Map of Kwara State indicating the Study Area B            Fig. 4.1:    X-ray Diffractogram of Kpankorogi Kaolin Sample  Fig.4.2:    X-ray Diffractogram of Ijero-Ekiti Kaolin Sample  ... Continue reading---

         

      TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTSTitle Page   Certification        Dedication   Acknowledgement      Abstract        Table of Content      List of Tables     List of Figures                                                 CHAPTER ONE                                                                                1.0    Introduction  1.1   Aim and Objectives ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0                                                   Introduction       Kaolin is a clay rock and part of the group of industrial minerals with the chemical composition (Al2Si205 (OH)4.It is a layered silicate mineral with one tetrahedral sheet linked through oxygen atoms to one octahedral sheet alumina i.e. structurally composed of silicate sheet (Si2O¬5) bonded to aluminum oxide/hydroxide layer Al2 (OH)4 called gibbsite lay ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Kaolin also finds application as crystal to promote organic reactions, such as petroleum cracking or de-polymerization of large organic molecules found in natural hydrocarbons as demonstrated by (Iglewe and Nwokolo, 2005).The grain size and shape of kaolin is used to advantages in the paper industry, where it is used both as a filling agent and as coating agent also printing inks tend to adhere better to kaolin –treated paper surface (Velde, 1992, Aliyu, 1996).      Both grain and sha ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]CHAPTER THREE3.0                                 Materials and Methods3.1     Description of the Studies AreasKaolin samples were collected from two different locations namely: kpankorogi and ijero Ekiti.Kpankorogi in Edu local government area of Kwara State is located in northern part of Kwara state on latitude 08052’38-6’’N and longitude 04059’55.5’’E at 72KM distance from Ilorin, the state capital. The Kpankorogi ar ... Continue reading---

         

      CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]The result of the oxide analysis is presented in the table 4.3. Elemental oxides found in the Samples are SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, TiO2, MnO, CaO, MgO, K2O, Na2O, CuO, ZnO, Cr2O5, V2O5 and Se2O3, Table 4.5 shows the requirement and industrial specification. SiO2 of both Samples can be used in refractory bricks, ceramics, Al¬2O3 meets the requirement for refractory bricks, ceramics, and coating, TiO2 meets the range and can be used in  refractory bricks, rubber, ceramics, and bricks clay, CaO meet ... Continue reading---

         

      REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ReferencesAderiye, J.(2005). Development of firebricks for furnances. M.Sc. Thesis, Acta 60 (4), 553–564. ADONDUA, S (1988). Indigenous Refractory Raw Materials Base for Nigerian                            Steel Industry Journal of the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers (NSCHE), (7): 2, pp. 322-327. Aliyu, A. (1996): Potentials of the Solid Minerals Industry in Nigeria Abuja: RMDC. Pp. 1-40, 63 – 83, 164 – 172 Aref, A. (2009): Characterizatio ... Continue reading---