CHAPTER TWO
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 ADOLESCENT
Adolescent (WHO, 2014) is reported to be a period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood band before adulthood, from ages 10 to 19, and represents one of the critical transitions in the life span. There is a report (gray etal,2013) that “there are about 1.2 billion adolescents globally, and their development is impacted by povert5y, gender inequity, low educational attainment, socio- cultural and regulatory barriersâ€
‘Adolescent’s career choice is one of the most critical decisions they are expected to make as the right choice often leads to self- fulfillment in life. adolescent girls are more likely (Novakovic and fouad, 2012) do make career decisions that would be influenced by gender stereotypes and experiences of discrimination in the educational setting. a myriad of early influenced (price et al ., 2013), such as gender role orientation, personality, educational experiences, parental and peer interactions impact on occupational choice.
2.2 NURSES
A Nurses is a person who has undergone a stipulated period of nursing training in an approved institution pass the qualified examination, registered and license to practice nursing in his/her country or another country.
Nurses assist individuals of any age and socio-economic group to meet their basic needs in performing activities of daily living and to cope with health and illness at some particular point in the life cycle.
2.3 NURSING
Nursing is defined as the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities and populations (America Nurses Association, 2012). It is also defined as the use of clinical Judgment in the provision of care to enable people to improve, maintain, or recover health, to m cope with health problems and to achieve the best possible quality of life, whatever their disease or disability, until death (Royal College of Nursing 2006).
Nursing is widely regarded as a noble profession in the society because of the core value it promotes in its practice which is the care of life.
2.4 NURSING PROFESSION
The Nursing profession has developed throughout history, the history of professional Nursing traditionally began with Florence Nightingale.
A profession is a calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation. Professional Nurse is the one who recognize and understand the fundamental health need of a person sick or well and who knows how this needs can be met. The term professional nurse can also be generally applied to the graduate of recognized basic or initial nursing programmed who have met the requirements and registered in a country.
Professional Nursing roles requires critical thinking, strong interpersonal and technical skills and a wide range of knowledge base on health promotion and illness management concepts.
2.5 NURSING AS A CAREER
Canadian Nursing Association (1987), said Nursing practice is a dynamic, caring and helping relationship in which the nurse assist the client to achieve an optimal health. M.E Rogers also regarded Nursing as a humanistic science dedicated to compassionates maintaining and promoting health, preventing illness, caring for and rehabilitating the sick and disable. (Kozier and Erb’s 2012).
Nursing is a unique challenging and vibrant profession suitable as a career choice to both men and women alike. Throughout the 20th century, nursing leaders have worked hard to articulate a body of knowledge that is distinctly nursing, while communicating the multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary nature of health (feringa and Tiou, 2005).
Career can be define as a job or profession for which one tends to follow for part of the whole of one’s life or a general course of action or conduct in life or in a particular part of it (Livio 2015).
Many studies world wide reported that interest in nursing as a career is law. Only 5.2% of a sample of high school respondents in Saudi. Arabic intended to pursue Nursing after school (Al-Omar, 2006). In Kawait however, 19% of Female high school students interviewed were considering Nursing as a career (Al-Kandari and Lew, 2006). The reasons for the perceived lack of interest in Nursing as a career are Multi-factorial, and may differ from context. In South Africa, the low status of the profession, heavy workload, and poor access to personal development programmes have been proposed as some of the reasons learners are not attracted to Nursing as a career (Department of Health, 2016). Negative view about Nursing career are that the workload is physically demanding, and that the shortage of nurses increase the stress of the work good job security, and (Buerhou et al, 2005), these need to be corrected in order attract more high school leavers to the profession. positive views include that nursing offers good job security, and that the shortage of nurses will lead to pay rises and wider choice of job (Buerhou et al, 2005) nursing is a profession that combines physical science, social science, nursing theory and technology in the care of others (www. nursing society. org).
