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Medical Surgical Nursing
[A CASE STUDY OF A PATIENT WITH DIABETES RIGHT FOOT ULCER]
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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW OF DIABETES MELLITUS FOOT ULCER
2.0 INTRODUCTION
This chapter reviewed related literatures of diabetic foot ulcer based on the following sub-heading
 Definition of diabetic foot ulcer
 Causes of diabetes foot ulcer
 Risk factor of diabetic foot ulcer
 Assessment and classification of Diabetic foot ulcer
 Pathophysiology of Diabetic foot ulcer
 Clinical manifestation of diabetic foot ulcer
 Complication of diabetic foot ulcer
 Wound healing
 Factor influencing wound healing in a diabetic patient
 How to improve diabetic foot healing
 Management of patient with diabetic foot ulcer
 Prevention of diabetic mellitus foot ulcer
2.1 DEFINATION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
Hopkins (2011) define diabetes foot ulcer as follows
Diabetes foot ulcer (DFU) : A non- healing or poor healing full thickness wound, through the dermis, below the ankle in an individual with diabetes , diabetes foot ulcer are categorized as being purely neuropathic, purely ischemic or neuron-ischemic (missed) Diabetes foot syndrome (DFS) is defined by world health organization (WHO, 2016) as an ulceration of the foot (distally from the ankle and including the ankle) associated with neuropathy and different grades of ischemia and infection
2.20 CAUSES OF DIABETES FOOT ULCER
The etiology of diabetic foot ulcer usually has many components. A recent multicenter study attributes 63 percent of diabetic foot ulcer to the critical triad of peripheral sensory neuropathy, trauma and deformity. Other factors in ulceration are ischemia, callus formation, and edema. Although infection is rarely impacted in this etiology of diabetic foot ulcers, the ulcer is susceptible to infection once the wound is present. Many of the risk factors for foot ulcer are also predisposing factor for amputation because ulcer is primary caused leading to amputation. John Hopkins (2011)
2.30 RISK FACTOR FOR DIABETIC FOOT ULCER
Risk factors that are predictive and /or precursors of diabetic foot Ulcer includes direct and indirect causes.
For example, deformities are a direct cause of diabetes foot ulcer. Deformities develop from a multitude of reasons including join contracture, clawing of toes, Spurs, bunions, bunionettes extrusion of bones (as in chorcot neuro-arthropathy), mal-united fractures and arthridities. Clawed toes repetitive shear stresses and trauma are other conditions that can be direct cause of diabetes foot ulcer.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT IS COMING SOON ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTTitle page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Table of content CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the study Purpose of the study Significant of the study CHAPTER TWOLITERATURE REVIEW OF DIABETES MELLITUS FOOT ULCER Definition of diabetic foot ulcer Causes of diabetes foot ulcer Risk factor for diabetes foot ulcer Foot ulcer assessment and classification Pathophysiology of diabetes foot ulcer Clinical manifestation of diabetes foot ulcer Complication ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYThis case study was carried on Alhaja A.H, a 60years old trader who has right foot ulcer, patient was brought to accident and emergency unit on 30th march, 2017 with clinical diagnosis of right foot ulcer and later transfer to ward 2. Approximately 15 to 20 percent of estimated 16million persons in the united state with diabetes mellitus will be hospitalized with a foot complication and also estimated in Nigeria (Har ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER THREE3.1 DEMOGRAPHIC DATA AND HISTORY OF THE PATIENT Particular of a patient with diabetes mellitus foot ulcer  Name Alhaja A.H  Age 60years  Sex female Ethnicity Yoruba State of origin Kwara state  Folder number 01-31- ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]CHAPTER FOURMANAGEMENT OF THE PATIENT WITH DIABETES MELLITUS4.0 PHYSICIAN SYSTEMIC REVIEW The findings made on the patient based on systemic review are as follows  PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONPhysical examination of the extremity having a diabetic ulcer can be divided into 3broad categories  Examination of the ulcer and the general condition of the extremity  Assessment of the possibility of vascular insufficiency  Assessment for the possib ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVESUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 SUMMARY This care study was carried out on a 65years old woman Alhaja A.H who was admitted on 28th march 2017 in to the female medical ward (ward2) of the Kwara state general hospital Ilorin, with diagnosis of right foot ulcer secondary to diabetes mellitus Different literature was reviewed based on the patient condition under the following headings:- definition of the diabetes mellitus, causes, incidence, anatomy and physiology ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCEMustapha, R.O (2010) Pharmacology for all health profession. 3rd Edition, Ilorin, Gorge Bullet LTDRoss, J.S & Wilson, K.W.J (2010). Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness. 9th edition, London, Harrison, R.O (2011) Textbook for Medicine with Relevant Anatomy and Physiology. 2nd Edition, Bougary Suffolk, Chaucer press ... Continue reading---
