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Measures Utilized For Prevention Of Nosocomial Infection In The Labour Ward
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In Nigeria, nosocomial infection rate of 2.7 % was reported from
Ife, while 3.8 % from Lagos and 4.2 % from Ilorin (Odimayo, Nwabuisi
& Adegboro, 2008). The cause of nosocomial infections might be
endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous infections are caused by organism
present as part of the normal flora of the patient, while exogenous
infections are acquired through exposure to the hospital
environment, hospital personnel or medical devices (Medubi, Akande
& Osagbemi, 2006). Nosocomial infection rates vary substantially by
body site, by type of hospital and by the infection control
capabilities of the institution. The proportion of infections at each
site is also considerably different in each of the major hospital
services and by level of patient risk (Taiwo, Onile & Akanbi,
2005).This is exemplified by surgical site infections (SSIs) which are
most common in general survey, whereas urinary tract infections and
blood stream infections are most frequent in medical services and
nurseries. Rates of nosocomial infection vary by surgical subspecialty,
low in ophthalmology and high in general surgery. The differences are
largely due to variations in exposure to high risk devices or procedures
(Tolu, 2007).
Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent the most
common (34%) type of nosocomial infections. Indwelling catheters cause
the majority while others are caused by genito urinary procedures (Tolu,
2007). Surgical wound infections represent 17% nosocomial
infection and are the second most common hospital acquired
infections. The classification of wound infections is based on the
degree of bacterial contamination, including clean, clean contaminated
and contaminated. Co-morbid and contamination of the surgical site
contribute to the infection rate. The risk factors for surgical wound
infections include age, obesity, concurrent infection and prolonged
hospitalizations. The origin of the bacterial agent is dependent on
direct inoculation from a host’s flora, cross-contamination, the
surgeon’s hands, air-borne contamination and devices such as drains and
catheters (Odimayo, Nwabuisi& Adegboro, 2008). Lower respiratory
infection (LRI) or pneumonia represents 13 % of nosocomial infections
(Taiwo, Onile & Akanbi II, 2005). This is the most dangerous of all
nosocomial infections with acase fatality rate of 30%. It manifests in
the intensive care unit or post-surgical recovery room. Endotracheal
intubation and tracheostomy dry the lower respiratory tract mucous and
provide entry for microbes.
This study therefore aims at
investigating nursing measures utilized for the prevention of nosocomial
infection in the labour ward of University of Calabar Teaching Hospital
(UCTH), Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
1.2 Statement of Problems
Nosocomial
infections have been recognized as a problem affecting the
quality of health care and a principal source of adverse healthcare
outcomes. Within the realm of patient safety, these infections
have serious impact such as increased hospital stay days, increased
costs of healthcare, economic hardship to patients and their families
and even deaths, are among the many negative outcomes (Anderson, Kaye,
Chen, Schmader, Choi, Sloan & Sexton, 2009).
Further more, it
was noted that Doctors and Midwives were not observing strict Aseptic
measures. It is with the above information the researcher carried out
this study to investigate nursing measures utilized for the prevention
of nosocomial infection in the labour ward of University of Calabar
Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar.
1.3 Purpose of Study
The
purpose of this study is to investigate nursing measures utilized for
the prevention of nosocomial infection in the labour ward of
University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar.
1.4 Specific Objectives
i. To ascertain the level of knowledge of nosocomial infection among nurses in UCTH, Calabar.
ii.
To identify the nursing measures utilized for the prevention of
nosocomial infection in the labour ward of UCTH, Calabar.
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