INTESTINAL PARASITES AMONG UNITY PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS, IN ORAIFITE, EKWUSIGO L.G.A., ANAMBRA STATE, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA

Intestinal Parasites Among Unity Primary School Pupils, In Oraifite, Ekwusigo L.g.a., Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria

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- TABLE OF CONTENTS
  Title page
  Certification page
  Dedication
  Acknowledgements
  Table of Contents
  List of tables
  List of figure
  Abstract
  
  CHAPTER ONE
  1.0.    INTRODUCTION
  CHAPTER TWO
  2.0.    LITERATURE REVIEW
  2.1.    Epidemiology
  2.2.    Public health consequences of intestinal parasites
  2.3.    Strategies for control
  2.3.1.    Sanitation and hygiene
  2.3.2.    Chemotherapy
  2.3.3.    Phytotherapy
  2.4. Diagnostic methods
  CHAPTER THREE
  3.0.    MATERIALS AND METHODS
  3.1.    Study area
  3.2.    Subjects
  3.3.    Collection of stool samples
  3.4.    Laboratory investigation
  3.5.    Parasitological methods
  3.5.1.    Direct saline and iodine mounts
  3.5.2.    Egg floatation method
  3.5.3.    Formal-ether concentration technique
  CHAPTER FOUR
  4.0.    RESULTS
  CHAPTER FIVE
  5.0.    DISCUSSION
  5.1.    Prevalence of intestinal parasites
  5.1.1.    Overall prevalence
  5.1.2.    Helminths
  5.1.3.    Protozoans
  5.1.4.    Prevalence with respect to Sex
  5.1.5.    Prevalence with respect to Age groups
  5.1.6.    Prevalence with respect to Occupation of parents
  5.1.7.    Prevalence with respect to class of pupils
  5.2.    Conclusion and recommendation
  REFERENCES
  APPENDIX

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- ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites among pupils in Unity primary school in Oraifite, Ekwusigo Local Government Area, Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria. Of the 462 surveyed pupils, 47.6% had parasitic infection. Seven intestinal parasites were isolated; Ascaris lumbricoides (12.8%), Hookworm (7.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.8%), Trichuris trichiura (1.9%), Entamoeba histolytica (11.0%), Entamoeba coli (6.7%), Giardia lamblia ( ... Continue reading---
  
  APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 2 ] = (131 x 242)/462 = 68.62 X2cal = (Observed value - Expected value)/Expected value = (57 - 47.14)2/47.14 + (42 - 51.86)2/51.86 + (21 - 41.43)2/41.43 + (66 - 45.57)2/45.57 + (89 - 69.05)2/69.05 + (56 - 75.95)2/75.95 + (53 - 62.38)2/62.38 + (78 - 68.62)2/68.62 =2.06 + 1.87 + 10.07 + 9.16 + 5.76 + 5.24 + 1.41 + 1.28 = 36.87 X2hyp = 7.82 (at df: 4-1 = 3) Since the calculated chi-square (X2cal) of 36.87 is greater than the hypothetical chi-square (X2hyp) of 7.82 at P < 0.05, the ... Continue reading---
  
  LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLES1.    Overall prevalence of intestinal parasites found in the stool specimens from pupils of Unity primary school, Oraifite, Ekwusigo L.G.A., Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria.2.    Prevalence of intestinal parasites with respect to sex, age groups and occupation of parents of pupils of Unity primary school, Oraifite, Ekwusigo L.G.A., Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria.3.    Prevalence of intestinal parasites with respect to class of pupils of Unity primary school, Orai ... Continue reading---
  
  LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGURE1. Prevalence of parasites detected in the stool samples from pupils of Unity primary school, Oraifite, Ekwusigo L.G.A., Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria. ... Continue reading---
  
  CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Intestinal parasites are parasites that populate the gastro-intestinal tract. They are larger than bacteria and viruses but some of them are so small that one cannot see them without a microscope. Intestinal parasitic infections have been described as constituting the greatest single worldwide cause of illness and disease. Numerous studies have shown that the incidence of intestinal parasites may approach 99% in developing countries (Ambrose, 2001). In ... Continue reading---
  
  CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]parenchyma may be replaced by masses of eggs. Rarely, eggs will be carried to the lungs or other organs by the blood stream. Hepatomegaly can become severe, and eggs become encased in granulomatous tissue, with heavy infiltration of eosinophils and other leukocytes (Choe et al, 1993). The first obvious clinical sign of S. haematobium infection is blood in the urine; for intestinal schistosomiasis, it is blood in stool. A consequence of the deposition of schistosome eggs in mucosa and t ... Continue reading---
  
  CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER THREE MATERIALS AND METHODS Study area The study was undertaken in Oraifite Community, Ekwusigo Local Government Area (LGA) Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria. It has a tropical continental climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The average relative humidity is about 80% reaching 90% during rains. There are wide divergences in the composition of the soil from rich loamy soil to sandy soil with immense agricultural potentialities. The inhabitants are predominantly far ... Continue reading---
  
  CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FOUR 4.0. RESULTS The data obtained from stool samples were analysed statistically using chi-square (X2) test. The level of significance was p< 0.05. An overall prevalence rate of 47.6% was observed. Seven parasites, namely Ascaris lumbricoides (12.8%), Trichuris trichiura (1.9%), Hookworm (7.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (4.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (11.0%), Entamoeba coli (6.7%), and Giardia lamblia (2.8%) were isolated (Table 1). Thus, Ascaris lumbricoides was ... Continue reading---
  
  CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE DISCUSSION Prevalence of intestinal parasites 5.1.1 Overall prevalence The result of the investigation demonstrates very clearly a high prevalence of intestinal parasites among school pupils in UNICEF primary school, Isingwu, Oraifite, Ekwusigo L.G.A., Anambra State, Southeastern Nigeria. An overall prevalence of 47.6% recorded by this study appears high when compared with some reported results of previous studies in other parts of the country. For instance, Alakija ( ... Continue reading---
  
  REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] REFERENCES ADAMS, E.B. and MEAGGRAITH, B.G. (1976). Clinical Tropical Diseases. 6th edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications Edinburgh. 343pp. ADEYEBA, O.A. and AKINLABI, A. (2002). Intestinal parasitic infections among school children in a rural community, Southwest Nigeria. Nigerian J. Parasitol. 23: 11-18. AJAYI, E.S.O., and AKINYINKA, O.O. (1999). Evaluation of the nutritional status of first year school in Ibadan South. West African J.          Med. science ... Continue reading---
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