The Effects Of Metformin And Diabinese On Female Sex Hormone Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
[UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN TEACHING HOSPITAL (UITH), ILORIN, KWARA STATE]

1.2    JUSTIFICATION
At rest, women have greater storage of free Fatty acids than men, but during exercise and conditions of sustained increased demand, women were shown to exert higher oxidation of lipids in relation to carbohydrates. Males instead rely relatively more on glucose and protein metabolism (Mauvais-Jarvis, 2015). During times of food deprivation, females reduce energy expenditure with consequent loss of fat stores contrary to males.
Estrogen can decrease food intake directly by effects in the brain. Tight interacting of leptin, insulin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and ghrelin seem to play a vital role (Brown et al, 2010). Moreover, estrogen can exert direct effects on fat tissue by enhancing proliferation of pre-adipocytes, especially in females (Anderson et al., 2001), and by up-regulating sc-2A-adrenergic receptors promoting SAT accumulation, notably in premenopausal women (Pedersen et al., 2004). Women display less reduction of insulin sensitivity with increasing body fat and lower resting energy expenditure, which declines more rapidly with ageing compared with men. However, up to now, there is paucity of research that establishes the direct effects of anti-diabetic drugs (metformin and diabinese) on female sex hormone. This study therefore addresses the gap in knowledge of the effects of combine anti-diabetic drugs diabinese and metformin on female sex hormone of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
1.3    AIM OF STUDY
The study aims at evaluating the effects of metformin and diabinese on female sex hormone of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients attending University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Kwara State.
1.4     SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The specific objectives of this study include:  
•    To determine the levels of oestrogen and progesterone in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and diabinese therapy.
•    To determine the level of oestrogen and progesterone in apparently non-diabetic age matched volunteer female individual.
•    To compare the result of one and two above in order to make inference on the status of oestrogen and progesterone in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
•    To assess the association between the level of Oestrogen and progesterone and the duration of the diabetes.
1.5     RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
Ho: Anti-diabetic drugs does not have direct effect on female sex hormone of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
H1: An anti-diabetic drug  have direct effect on female sex hormone of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
1.6    SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Patients for this study will be recruited from University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin in order to analyse the estrogen and progesterone in serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus  on metformin and diabinese and compare values with control subjects.
1.7    RESEARCH DESIGN
This is a Randomized cross sectional case-control study.