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The Effects Of Metformin And Diabinese On Female Sex Hormone Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
[UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN TEACHING HOSPITAL (UITH), ILORIN, KWARA STATE] -
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3.6 METHOD OF SAMPLE COLLECTION
Five millilitres (5ml) of venous blood was collected via venepuncture from the cubital fossa of the patient into a plain container. The blood samples were spun in a centrifuge at a regulated speed of 3000rpm for 5 minutes to obtain the serum which was then used for the analysis.
3.7 METHOD OF SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Estrogen and Progesterone was analysed using the Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique in Chemical Pathology Laboratory, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin, Kwara State using Accu Bind ELISA Microwells.
3.7.1 ESTROGEN ASSAY PRINCIPLE
The essential reagents for an enzyme immunoassay include antibody, enzyme-antigen conjugate and native antigen. Upon mixing the biotinylated antibody with a serum containing the antigen, a reaction results between and the antibody. The interaction is illustrated by the following equation:
Ag+AbBtn AgAbBtn
AbBtn = Biotinylated antibody
Ag = Antigen (Variable quantity)
AgAbBtn = Immune complex
After a short incubation, the enzyme conjugate is added (this delayed action permits an increase in sensitivity for low concentration samples). Upon the addition of the enzyme analog and the antigen in the sample for a limited number
of antibody binding sites (not consumed in the first incubation).
EnzAg = Enyme-antigen conjugate (constant Quantity)
EnzAgAbBtn = Enzyme-antigen Conjugate-Antibody Complex
rAbBtn= Biotinylated antibody not reacted in first incubation
ka = Rate Constant of Association
k-a = Rate Constant of Disassociation
k = ka / k-a= Equilibrium Constant
A simultaneous reaction between the biotin attached to the antibody and the streptavidin immobilized on the microwell occurs. This effects the separation of the antibody bound fraction after decantation or aspiration.
AgAbBtn + EnzAgAbBtn + StreptavidinCW= Immobilized complex
StreptavidinCW = Streptavidin Immobilized on well
Immobilized complex = Sandwich complex bound to the solid surface
The enzyme activity in the antibody bound fraction is inversely proportional to the native antigen concentration.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT is coming soon ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX IQUESTIONNAIRE TO ACCESS THE ANTHROPOLOGIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC INDICES OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE TWO DIABETES MELLITUS ON ANTIDIABETIC DRUGS (METFORMIN AND DIABINESE) ATTENDING UITH ILORIN.INTRODUCTION: I am a final year students of the Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara State. This questionnaire is aimed at accessing the demographic indices of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on metformin and diabinese in Ilor ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX B - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]APPENDIX 11REAGENT COMPOSITION FOR ESTROGENEstrogen calibrates, Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugates, Estrogen biotinylated purified rabbit igG conjugates, Tetremethylbenzidine(TMB), wash buffer concentrate, assay buffer, Stop solution.REAGENT COMPOSITION FOR PROGESTERONEProgesterone calibrates, Horseradish Peroxidase Conjugates, Progetarone biotinylated purified rabbit igG conjugates, Tetremethylbenzidine (TMB), wash buffer concentrate, assay buffer, Stop solution. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER ONEINTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders in which a person has high plasma glucose, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. The high plasma glucose produces the classical symptoms of polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia (Rother, 2007). Type 2 diabetes mellitus, formerly non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult onset diabetes, is a ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 17 ]CHAPTER THREE3.0 MATERIALS AND METHODS3.1 STUDY AREA The study was conducted in the Metropolitan City of Ilorin, Kwara State. Ilorin, the capital city of Kwara State, Nigeria is located on latitude 8o 24’N and 8o 36’N and longitude 4o 10’E and 4o 36’E with an area of about 100Km2 (Kwara State Diary, 1997). 3.2 STUDY POPULATIONThe population of this study was centred on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on anti-diab ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Table 4.4: Comparison of biochemical parameters (estrogen, progesterone and fasting blood sugar) between diabetic patients on metformin only and diabetic patients on combined metformin with other drugs (glimepride).Table 4.5 depicts the Pearson correlation of duration of diabetes and BMI with biochemical parameters (estrogen, progesterone and fasting blood sugar) in diabetic patients using antidiabetic drugs (metformin and diabinese).Data indicated a significant correlation between biochemical p ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 DISCUSSIONType 2 diabetes mellitus, formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult onset diabetes, is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency (Vinay et al., 2008). Sex differences and the role of gonadal hormones in modulating insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance are of increasing interest and importance because of the increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes me ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 4 ]Murali, R. and Saravanan, R. (2012). Antidiabetic effect of d-limonene, a monoterpene in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomedical Prevention and Nutrition.2:269-275.Neerati, P., Devde, R., and Gangi, A.K. (2014). Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Phytotherapeutic. Research. 28:1796-1800.Nelson, L.R. and Bulun, S.E. (2011).Estrogen production and action. Journal of America Academic and Dermatology. 4 ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACT is coming soon ... Continue reading---