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Profile Of Antibiotic Use At The Health Centre
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1.2 Rationale of the Study
The indiscriminate use of
antibiotics has led to the antimicrobial resistance problem (World
Health Organisation, 2009). According to Lukwesa, (2012- unpublished
data), selected data showed that the percentage of resistance for
organisms isolated from blood specimens where n=2175, ampicillin was
97.1% resistant, co-trimoxazole (86.2%), penicillin G (83.6%,)
erythromycin (53.5%), chloramphenicol (43.5%), gentamycin (40.5%),
ciprofloxacin (38%), tetracycline (35.5%) and cefotaxime (31.5%).
According
to WHO, (2009) inappropriate antibiotic prescribing was as high as
67.6%. High patient load, prior prescription by unqualified prescribers,
high prices of antibiotics, misdiagnosis, availability of antibiotics,
ineffective law enforcement to ensure treatment guideline are followed
and prescribers being influenced by a particular company to prescribe
its medical products are some of the major reasons for inappropriate
prescribing of antibiotics. Lack of systems, structures and processes or
antibiotic control measures such as Antibiotic Policy Committee or
their ineffectiveness could greatly contribute to inappropriate
prescribing.
1.3 Aim of the Study
The aim of this study is to determine the profile of antibiotic use at the Health centre of delta state University, Abraka.
1.4 Scope of the Study
This research is limited to the profile of antibiotics use at the Health centre of Delta State University, Abraka.
1.5 General Objective
Profile of antibiotic use at the health centre of delta State University, Abraka
1.5.1 Specific objective
i. To determine the proportion of students treated with antibiotics and other drugs.
ii. Evaluating the total number of antibiotics prescribed and their order of distribution.
iii. Determining the factors related to the antibiotics prescription pattern.
iv. To determined the single antibiotic drug that was prescribed during this study.
v. To determined the combined antibiotic drug that was prescribed during this study
1.6 Justification of the Study
Infectious
diseases constitute a significant part of the disease burden in the
tropics, especially Nigeria. The irrational use of antibiotics has lead
to antibiotics resistance, ineffective treatment and increased health
expenditure. Therefore, necessary initiatives should be taken by
Government and health practitioners in other to promote the rational use
of these antibiotics.
1.7 Significance of the Study
This research
study is carried out to make an assessment of the use of antibiotics at
the Health centre of Delta State University, Abraka.
1.8 Definition of the Terms
Antibiotic:
A group of drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria and to
prevent bacterial infection in cases of immune system impairment
(Medical Dictionary, 2008).
Prescription: This is an instruction
written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be issued
with a medicine or treatment.
Pattern: A combination of qualities, acts, tendencies etc. forming a consistent or characteristic arrangement.
Polypharmacy: This is the use of three or more medications by a patient, generally adults.
Antibacterial drugs: A group of drugs used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
Antimicrobial:
A drug used to treat a microbial infection. “Antimicrobial†is a
general term that refers to a group of drugs that includes antibiotics,
antifungals, anti-protozoals, and antivirals (Medical Dictionary, 2008).
Antibiotic
resistance: The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to
withstand an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive (and were once
stalled or killed outright). Also called drug resistance (Medical
Dictionary, 2008).
Irrational use of medicines: This is a major
problem worldwide. It is estimated that half of all medicines are
inappropriately prescribed, dispensed or sold and that half of all
patients fail to take their medicine properly. The overuse, under use or
misuse of medicines results in wastage of scarce resources and
widespread health hazards (WHO, 2004).
Rational drug therapy: The use
of the least number of drugs to obtain the best possible effect in the
shortest period and at a reasonable cost (Gross, 1981).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ] The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has become a global problem with implications for effective therapy of infections and dose resistance. The objective of this study is to determine the profile of antibiotic use at the health centre of Delta State University, Abraka. This study was a retrospective study of 592 patient prescriptions from January – June 2015. The data used for this study was obtained by assessing patients’ medical record file from the Medical Record Department a ... Continue reading---
