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Existentialism Of Jean Paul Sartre
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Some factors project certain unavoidable existential
situations. Death, Temporality, Guilt and Alienation tend to summarize
those inescapable conditions of life. As Heidegger rightly puts, death
is the possibility of the impossibility of existence. Heidegger is one
of the existentialists that never approached the issue of death with
reservation. At death alone could the ‘Dasein’ be correctly defined. He
sees death as the last possibility of all, that which makes impossible
any further possibility. In temporality, man’s nature as being
time-bound is re-defined. Man as creature of time must pass away in
time. The transience of human life is one of the most poignant aspects
of finitude. No matter, whatever may be the case; man must be a client
to the tribunal of birth and death.
Pessimistic though the
existentialists may seem to be, as some thinkers argue as opposed to
pragmatists, they have always not failed to recognize the obvious fact
of disorder in human existence. Thus, man experiences guilt and
sometimes feels alienated from what he encounters around him.
Karl
Marx pointed the fact of alienation in the revolutionary changes in
man’s material condition. From the existential angle, alienation implies
that one is mortgaged in inauthentic existence. Without facticity,
Robert Cumming, avows “Consciousness would choose its attachment to the
world in the same way as souls in Plato’s republic choose their
condition.â€19
1 J.Macquarie, Existentialism (New York: World-Publishing Co, 1972), p.14
2 T.Ajayi, Freedom, Choice and Responsibility (WAJOPS: vol.7, AECAWA Publication, 2004), p.79.
3Op.cit.p.125.
4 Ibid, p.126.
5S.E.Stumpf, Philosophy: History and Problems (U.S.A: Mc Graw- Hill, 5th (ed.), 1971), p.487.
6 Ibid, p.488.
7 C.Ekwutosi, unpublished lecture note on Heidegger’s Metaphysics (Pope John Paul II Seminary Awka, 2005), p.2
8 R.Cumming, The Philosophy of Jean Paul Sartre (New York, Random House, Inc., 1965), p.51.
9 The Cambridge Companion to Sartre, (ed) Christian Howells (U.S.A: Cambridge Uni.Press, 1992), p.68.
10 Ibid.p.69.
11 J. Macquarie, Op.cit, p.22.
12 Loc.cit p.22.
13 Cambridge Companion to Sartre, Op. cit p.72.
14 J. Macquarie, Op.cit.p.59.
15 Ibid.p.175.
16 Ibid, p.190.
17 R. Cumming, Op.cit, p.167.
18 C. Ekwutosi, Op.cit, p.3.
19 Op.cit, p.169.
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