-
Corruption And Underdevelopment
[A CASE STUDY OF HALLIBURTON]
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 5 of 7
-
-
-
• Theoretical Framework
Having
carefully and painstakingly reviewed the topic of the study, it became
imminently imperative that a theoretical framework must be adopted which
will serve as a guide in describing, analyzing, interpreting and
predicting phenomenon. This theoretical guide will also serve as an
arbiter in legitimizing the review. Therefore, the dependency Theory has
been chosen as a theoretical frame to guide this study.
According
to Dos Santos [1979] “dependency relates to a situation which the
economy of certain countries is conditioned by the development and
expansion of the other to which the former is subjected. The relation of
inter-dependence between two or more economies, and between these and
the world trade, assumes the form of dependence when some countries-the
dominant ones which are the capitalist nations like America can expand
and can be self-sustaining while other countries, the dependent ones
like Nigeria can do this only as a reflection of expansion which can
have either a negative or positive effect on their immediate
development. His basic assumption is that there is a dialectical
relationship between development and underdevelopment. In other words,
according to Andre Frank [1975] “development and underdevelopment are
two different sides of a universal historical processâ€. To him, what
causes underdevelopment in third world is as a result of what brought
about development in Europe and America. This dependency refers to the
unequal relationship between the centre which refers to the
technological advanced countries of the world and the periphery which
refers to the third world countries. Also, when looking at this
theoretical framework, we talk about the centre of the centre which
refers to the ruling class of the industrial nations while Centre of the
periphery refers to the ruling class of the developing countries like
Nigeria; periphery of the centre refers to the masses class of the
industrialized countries while the periphery of the periphery refers to
the masses class of the developing country. This relationship where the
center of the developed countries dictates the terms of their
co-existence economically, socially and politically is an exploitative
and vertical relationship between the center of the centre and the
centre of the periphery. In this regard, the periphery is subordinate to
the centre, as the centre is assigned the role of manufacturing
industrial products while the periphery produces primary goods [raw
materials] and needed resources. Consequently, the periphery now depends
on the centre for her economic survival thus, the justification and
consumption of the theory proved the truth. I prefer this theory of the
dependency because it illustrates the exploitative tendency of the
developed countries against the less developed countries [LDC] which led
to their underdevelopment. The new form of internationalism accompanied
by economic and technological P a g e | 35
communication network
has led to developing countries especially the poor and corrupt ones,
swallowing hook, line and sinker all ideas and concepts associated with
what is now called globalization. In so doing, they obey the rhythms of
international capitalism and its institutions with their attendant
consequences. Devastating competition is the hallmark and the motive
force of capitalism whose philosophy is encapsulated in the nation that
we live in a “world of win-lose competition between the leading
economies†[Kingman 1997: 10] where developing nation states like
Nigeria out of sheer lack of will, morality, ethics and rule of law,
condone corruption and underdevelopment. Developing countries wallowing
in corruption dance to and obey the discordant tunes of the Bretton
Woods’ institutions-the International Monetary Fund [IMF], the
International Bank
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 7]
Page 5 of 7
-
