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Kidnapping In Nigeria Implications For National Security
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1.6 Theoretical Frame Work
What this research will
achieve in the theoretical concept of the iron law of responsibility.
This law states that in a long run, those who do not use power in ways
that society considers responsible will tend to lose it.
The
implication of this theoretical constant is that those multinationals
organization that are blind towards the provision of infrastructure and
social amenities to the host communities will eventually have opposition
at a long run.
A typical example is the agitation of the Niger –
Delta situation which has affected the production of crude oil by
multinational companies operating the region, which SHELL is a Victim.
There are so many social threats in the region like kidnapping, pipe lines destruction, militant killing among others.
The Niger Delta Situation
Education
is not the cause of unemployment per se but the skill required in the
relevant areas. The reason for this is that individuals in the past make
the opinions and attitudes to the world of work and the vocation they
intend to take up in the future. This dictates the discipline they
intend to pursue to be skilled. The right of choice of vocations by
individuals is now violated by parents most especially by mothers
without measuring the ability of their choice with capability of those
for whom they decide for. Individuals come out and get dissatisfied with
the jobs available because they do not have the skills in the relevant
areas; hence there is lack of job satisfaction.
Oladiti (1990)
describes job satisfaction as the extent to which a person is satisfied
by the content and the environment of work. Job dissatisfaction is the
extent to which a person is displeased or frustrated by inadequate
working conditions and tedious job content. What exists in the Niger
Delta is job dissatisfaction because the youths want to work in the
areas for which they have no skill. There is therefore lack of basic
skill for employment and the youths are not ready to take challenging
jobs.
In the area, three classes can be identified, the political
elite who use their affluent life style to cause terrorism and
kidnapping. There are those in absolute poverty who are unemployed and
have no income or resource to maintain minimum healthy living. There are
also those in primary poverty whose minimum income or resources in
enough for physical maintenance or health. These last two groups of
classes see the affluence of the political class who may not be better
than them educationally but use state resource to their satisfaction.
At
the context of national development, the core-periphery model can be
applied to the region. The golden egg which makes the area a core is the
oil exploration and exploitation. The oil and gas found in the region
are propulsive forms capable of generating large scale employment. The
hinterland of the Niger Delta or the rest of Nigeria is the periphery to
the core. The model refers to the spatial division of Nigeria into an
economic relationship. The core is oil-gas rich area of Nigeria and the
periphery are the areas articulated to the need of the core area.
No
special criteria have been used to define poverty nor is there data to
buttress the level of poverty. However, the paper adopts the inadequate
supply of money, inadequate educational opportunities and inequality as
measures of poverty. Equally budget standards can be applied to the
definition. The adoption of budget standards presumes that the adoption
of N 10,000.00 minimum national monthly wage would be applicable. The
use of these budget standards assumes that those who are employed would
earn this amount. For those unemployed this minimum wage is a mirage and
makes the absolute poverty applicable.
The inability of indigenes to
be appointed is because of lack of relevant skills due to inadequate
educational opportunities. For example if vacancy exists for a petroleum
engineer and an electrical engineer surfaces, he stands unappointable
because his skills is not in the relevant area. Similarly youths may be
unwilling to take up jobs whose income cannot commensurate with the
political class. Most people now look for easy means of making money,
just as they perceive of the political class.
Acts of terrorism,
insurrections and kidnapping have become synonymous with the Niger Delta
youths because of connivance with some political groups which they see
as alternative to means of livelihood and a route out of the poverty
syndrome. By August 2007 relatives of politicians had fallen victims of
kidnapping. For example the mother of Celestine Omehia, River State
Governor was kidnapped. Madam Hansel a.k.a. Mama Yenogoa, mother of
Speaker, Bayelsa State was kidnapped and a N50million ransom was
demanded, Margaret Hill was also kidnapped (Odume, 2007). Mr. Odili’s
nephew to former Governor of River State, Peter Odili was kidnapped and a
ransom of N50 million demanded (Guardian, 2008) etc. recently, N 4
million was demanded for a kidnapped victim but was later found dead a
day after N 2 million was paid for his release. A relative of a member
of River State House of Assembly was kidnapped in River State and a
ransom of N 440 million demanded was not fully met, it was partially met
but not publicized. To the youths involved in this act of terrorism, it
is a profitable “employmentâ€.
1.7 Scope of the Study
This
study covered the period between2005 and 2010. This is the period when
there was a significant increase in kidnapping casesin Nigeria. This
period witnessed the increase of the active militant struggle in the
Niger Delta region of South-South Nigeria. The period also covers the
recent spate of kidnapping in several parts of which included the
kidnapping of journalists and some children in Abia state amongst other
states. Some Kidnapping cases in Nigeria from 2005-2010 is at Appendix
I.
This study will therefore be restricted to reference materials on
the issue of kidnapping as it relates to the concept of national
security from 1999 to 2010. Referrals on the issue of national security
will also be based upon materials within this period.
1.8 Limitations of the Study
This
study is impaired by the challenge of few materials available for
reference on the topic of kidnapping in Nigeria. This has only been a
new topic of discuss in the academic setting. Some information which
would have been relevant for this research work was not disclosed by
security agents who were interviewed.
1.9 Research Methodology
The
data for the study were derived from both primary and secondary
sources. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaires
and oral interview with people considered relevant to the subject
matter. Secondary data on the other hand were collected from newspapers,
journals, other unpublished materials and the internet.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The study was set out with four objective: to determine the relationship between kidnapping and national security, to examine the various factors responsible for kidnapping in Nigeria, to determine the implication of kidnapping on national security, examine the challenges of curbing kidnapping in Nigeria and proffer ways of curbing the spread of the menace of kidnapping in Nigeria. The methodology used included the questionnaire as well as descriptive analysis of data presented. The study reveal ... Continue reading---
