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The Socio-economic Impact Of The Boko Haram Insurgence In Nigeria: (2009-2013)
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1.3 Objectives of the Study
The
broad objectives of the study are to examine the activities of the Boko
Haram and its socio- economic implication on Nigeria‘s development.
Using Boko
Haram terrorism in Nigeria as a case study. To achieve
this, specifically, this research work is designed to examine the following:
1. To determine if poverty is inducing the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria
2. To assess the socio-economic implication of Boko Haram insurgence on the nation.(Nigeria)
3. To determine if dialogue is a desideration to the Boko Haram menace in Nigeria
1.4 Literature Review
Literature review has to do with what other scholars
and authors have contributed to this study so far. The term ―terrorism‖ refers to the systematic use of threat of
violence
to communicate to political massage rather than defeat an opponent,
military force. Thus, the targets of terrorism are symbolic and the
victims of terrorism represent a wider audience. To achieve a maximum
shock effective, terrorist violence is usually dramatic and provocative.
Typically,
small number of extremists who otherwise lack the capacity to challenge
those in power resort to terrorism. A defining characteristics of
terrorism is that its users expects rewards that are of proportionate to
both the resources. They posses and the risk they assume:
Terrorism is furthermore strategies that are not restricted to any particular ideology (smlter and Beltes, 2001).
According
to Reich 1998, as a strategy of resistance to the modem state,
terrorism emerged some half century after the French revolution, when
the term originated as a description of the state regime of terror.
Russia revolutionaries and anarchist in French, Spain, Italy and German
established terrorism as a central mechanism in attempt to over throw
the established regimes, most of which were autocratic in the submission
of Lain mclean terrorism as a pejorative term, also applies to the
deeds of government of sovereign state. According to Lain Mclean, an
term ―state sponsored terrorism‖, is often used to described the conduct
of various government indirectly organizing or indirectly assisting
perpetration of violence acts in other state. Lain Mclean argued that in
recent time, many countries of divergent ideological persuasion have
engaged in this kind of activities while in some cases strictly
condemning others forms practices (Lain Mclean, 1996). Meanwhile,
terrorism is a contested concept that resist precise definition. Since
the term is both elastic and emotionally powerful, it lend itself to
subjective interpretation driven by political rather than analytical
purposes, it is also difficult to distinguish terrorism from other forms
of violence. Such as, for example querilla warfare or criminal
activities, if terrorism is defined in terms of the intension behind the
action, is it possible to know those intension? What is the
relationship between religion and terrorism, be non-combatants for
example?. If so are attacks on security target act of terrorism?
Though,
there is no official definition of terrorism agreed on through out the
world, and definitions tend to rely heavily on who is doing the
definition and for what purpose. Some definition focus on terrorist
tactics to defined the term, while others focus on the actor. Ethnic
separatist, violence in the 1930‘s provoked the League of Nations formed
after world war 1 to encourage world stability and peace to defined
terrorism for the first time as:
All criminal acts directed against a
state and intended or calculated to create a state of terror in the
mind of particular persons or group of persons or the general public.
(League of Nation convection definition of terrorism, 1937).
Therefore,
bringing to our understanding that Boko Haram sect is pre-occupied
with carrying out various degree of attacks on
civilians, usually used by the powerless against
powerful;
International terrorism interludes terrorists attacking a
foreign targets other than within own country or abroad (Rurke
2008:316).
This means that September 11, 2011 attack was an
international terrorism while one of the attacks by theBoko Haram sect
such as the police stations attacks is a
domestic terrorism. But it
becomes complicated if the Boko Haram sect is still a domestic
terrorism group despites it seeming connection with other international
sect such as Hamas and Alqueda.
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