Factor Affecting The Teaching And Learning Of English Language In Primary School
[ILORIN WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KWARA STATE]

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Review of the related literature was done under the following sub-headings.
a.    Primary School Education in Nigeria
b.     The Roles of English Language in the Nigerian Primary School Education
c.     Importance of Teaching and Learning of the Four Language skills of English Language
d.     Factors Affecting the Teaching and Learning of English Language in the Nigerian Primary School
e. Appraisal of the Literature Reviewed
Primary School Education in Nigeria
Primary School as the first level of Nigerian education occupies the starting point and background for other levels of education. Besides, it is through it, that an individual pupil is introduced, acquainted and acquires the rudimentary knowledge, skills and attitude towards acquiring education up to the secondary school and even tertiary institutions. Primary education as referred to in the National Policy on Education (NPE), is the education given in institutions for children aged 6-11 plus (FRN, 2012). It is the first stage and compulsory education. Primary education is preceded by preschool or nursery education and followed by secondary education.
The primary education is the first six years of the nine years of basic education using the Universal Basic Education (UBE) standard. This stage of education is often addressed as elementary education. In most countries of the world, primary education is compulsory for children to receive although it is permissible for parents to provide it.
The place of primary education is very paramount because it is the foundation of adults’ contribution to developmental processes. In other words, basic education makes a child a better adult. Primary education is to the educational system; and the nation at large, what the mind is to the body. According to Quadri (2001) the Section 4, page 12 of the National Policy on Education (2004) described primary education as the “education given in an institution for children aged normally between 6 years to 11 years plus.” The primary education level is the key to the success or failure of the whole educational edifice because the rest of the educational system is built upon it. Primary education according to the National Policy on Education (NPE, 2004) is likened to the key which opens to success or failure of the whole educational system. Akande (2010) reiterated Njoku (2000) regarded primary education as very vita land fundamental to all types of education any person can receive in life.
Primary education is the foundation of formal education. It is an essential component in the echelon of educational system of every nation. In order to qualify for other levels of education one must first pass through primary schools, as such it is an institution upon which all other levels of education and educational achievements are built. It prepares the mind and trains the child for higher and tougher academic pursuits. It provides young learners with the fundamentals of reading, writing, skill acquisition, information and attitudes necessary for proper adjustment into the society. Unfortunately, though not all recipients of primary education get to other levels.
The vision statement of Universal Basic Education that encompasses primary education states that, at the end of nine years of continuous education, every child should acquire appropriate and relevant skills and values and be employable in order to contribute his or her quota to National Development. Primary education and national development in Nigeria According to Edinyang et al. (2012), one of the important Tnt. J. Res. Rev. Educ.2 aims of education is to foster the full development of an individual to enable full contribution to the wellbeing of the society. In an ideal sense, education is an ultimate value and hence, through the provision of social service, it is an agent of change (Ogunwuyi, 2010). It is the responsibility of the educational system of any nation to bring to the light the transformation of the economic, political, scientific and technological recognition.
A faulty primary education which is the foundation of the entire education system can thwart the attainment of the intended outcome of the system. The objectives of primary education as deduced from Nigerian national education aims and objectives read thus;
(i)    To inculcate permanent literacy and numeracy, and ability to communicate effectively;
(ii)     To lay a sound basis for scientific and reflective thinking;
(iii)     To give citizenship education as a basis for effective participation in and contribution to the life of the society;
(iv)     To mould the character and develop sound attitude and morals in the child;
(v)     To develop in the child the ability to adapt to the child’s changing environment; (vi) to give the child opportunities for developing manipulative skills that will enable the child function effectively in the society within the limits of the child’s capacity;
(vii)     To provide the child with basic tools for further educational advancement, including preparation for trades and the craft of the locality (FRN, 2012).