Perception Of Teachers On The Causes Of Indiscipline Among Post-primary School Students
[A CASE STUDY OF KABBA/BUNU LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KOGI STATE]

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF THE RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction
    The objectives indicated in the National Policy on Education will remain invalid unless right behavioural pattern is put place in our society. Indiscipline has plagued all fabrics of life.
    Yaroson, (2004) stated that indiscipline is a topic of all times, that is, its currency is without doubt apparent. Infact, a lot had been written published, and various seminars have been organised to deliberate on the concept of indiscipline.
    This chapter deals with the review of related literature and the under listed concepts were examined;
-    Concept of Education
-    Concept of Adolescence
-    Concept of indiscipline
-    Causes of indiscipline
-    Category/types of indiscipline
-    Solutions to indiscipline in post-primary schools
-    Concept of perception.
-    Summary of review of related literature.
Concept of Education
    Education is one of the many concepts that have been very difficult to define. This is due to the existence of several other concepts related to it and the cultural diversity of people. Education has a wide range of definition, each researcher defines it from his/her own perspective.
    Chauhan (1981), defines education as the shaping of behaviour or modification of behaviour of an individual for adequate adjustment in the society. He also added that, education is a process of cultural transmission and renewal; the process by which the adult members of the society carefully guide the development of the younger ones, initiating them into the culture of that society. Alao (1977), also defines education as the process by which every individual develops knowledge, skills and attitude of positive value to the environment in which he finds himself.
    The educational institutions can be presented in a three-tier hierarchy which consist of:
i.    The primary ii. Secondary iii. Tertiary  
    The primary education institution is the grassroot and its nature enables pupils to have foundation education at assessable points. It is both universal and affordable. The secondary education institution receives the products of the primary as its input and processes them for possible absorption into the tertiary institution which is the highest tier in the hierarchy of education. At this level, skills are built into the students to enhance their suitability for employment in the labour market.
    The school rules and regulations therefore prescribe the standard of behaviour that are expected of teachers, students and other workers within the 3-tier educational hierarchy. These rules and regulations specify in most cases what member should do and what they should not do. While positive behaviour (conformity) is rewarded, negative behaviour (deviance) is punished. (Ezewu, 1990:106).
Concept of Adolescence
    Morgan (1995) asserted that adolescence is the most important period of human life. The mentioned that the word adolescence comes from a Greek word “adolescere” which mean to grow or to grow to maturity. Ogunlade and Olasehinde (1995) also stated that adolescent is a time of transition. A time of changing from childhood to adulthood.
    Some psychologists defined it as the transitional period of life. This period is also called the teenage period.
    The adolescence stage is the most difficult stage to manage in an individuals development because it is a stage of in betweeness, when an individual is rejected as a child and not fully accepted as an adult. Adegoke (2003) and Morgan (1995) observed that such difficulties to manage in a person’s development result in manifestations as problems of drug abuse, cultism and other acts of indiscipline. Hence, it is concluded that indiscipline is common among the adolescents as a result of not being able to manage their transformation during transition form childhood to adulthood.