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Perceived Causes And Prevention Of Malnutrition Among Primary School Pupils
[A CASE STUDY ILORIN EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, KWARA STATE]
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Infections influence body size and growth through their effects on metabolism and nutrition. Additionally, UNICEF conceptual framework also recognize poor caring practices as equally important cause of malnutrition (UNICEF, 1990). Environmental factors have a profound effect on health and can make nutritional problems worse. A child who is well fed but drinks contaminated water and lives in polluted environment will not grow up healthy (UN, 2004). Studies have shown the association between increasing severity of anthropometric deficits and mortality (Pelletier et al., 1993; Schroeder and Brown, 1994; Pelletier et al., 1995; Mendez and Adair, 1999; Onis et al.; 2000). Strong evidence exists that poor growth is associated with delayed mental development and that there is a relationship between impaired growth status and both poor school performance and reduced intellectual performance, thus compromising the efforts to achieve universal education (MDG -1) (Martorell et al., 1992; PAHO, 1998; UN, 2004; Cesar et al., 2008). Nutritional status is the best global indicator of growth and well – being in children.
Anthropometric assessment thus remains the most practically useful means of evaluating the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. Thus the objective of this study was to determine the nutritional status of pre – school children in a rural community of Kaura Local Government (District) of Kaduna State, Northern Nigeria. This is with a view to increase awareness of the magnitude of all forms of malnutrition so as to mobilize both human and financial resources to prevent the problem.
Statement of the Problems
Nigeria ranked 8th in the World in the prevalence of morality rates of under – fives, with a staggering figure of 189/1000 in 2008, WHO (2007). Malnutrition is the underlying cause is more than 50% of these deaths. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 150 million children younger than 5 years in developing countries are underweight and an additional 200 million children are stunted, (Laura, 2004).
Malnutrition contributes to Nigeria’s current health problems (morbidity) and (mortality) in several ways. Under nutrition remains a devastating problem in many developing countries affecting over 815 million people causing more than one – half of child death (Ruel, 2003), Ukegbu et al, (2007), Although, WHO, UNICEF and Nigeria’s
Research Questions
The following questions were raised to help in eliciting information on the objectives of the study as follow:
1. Is sickness a result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area?
2. Is mortality of children a result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area?
3. Is low immunity to diseases a result of malnutrition in Ilorin East Local Government Area?
4. Is stunted growth a result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government?
5. Is succumb to infections a result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area?
Research Hypotheses
The following hypotheses were formulated to guide the study in making valid decision about the objectives of the research.
1. H01: sickness is not a significant result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area
2. H02: mortality of children is not a significant result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area
3. H03: low body immunity to disease is not a significant result of malnutrition in Ilorin East Local Government Area
4. H04: stunted growth is not a significant result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area
5. H05: contract of infections is not a significant result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East local Government Area
Significance of the Study
The research will enable the parent/guidance to know the incidence of malnutrition on children in order for them to inculcate the habit of giving adequate dietary intake to enable to mental development of children as needed at early stage. It will also show the likely effect this malnutrition on children such as low intelligent quotient, underweight, cognition level and growth rate. Lastly, the study will be of contribution to academic research and to researchers in the same or related line of study.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTThe study examined the incidence of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government area of Kwara State. The objective of the study is to explore sickness as a result of malnutrition among children, investigate the majority of children as a result of the malnutrition among children, low body resistance to diseases, stunted growth as a result of malnutrition among children and succumb to infections as a result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLE OF CONTENTContents Title page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Chapter One INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Research Questions Research Hypothesis Significance of the Study Delimitations of the Study Operational Definition of Term Chapter Two INTRODUCTION Introduction Definition of the Concept Malnutrition Malnutrition in AfricaMalnutrition among children and its Influence on Body Reducing Malnutritio ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 6 ]Surprisingly, Ghana has not seen much improvement in childhood malnutrition and mortality even with the remarkable gains in health infrastructure and investment since independence. Gains in pre-school malnutrition in post-independent era were reversed at the turn of the 21st century (Ghana Statistical Service, 2004). The past decade has witnessed an increasing trend of stunting but a slight decrease in underweight and wasting among children 5 year of and younger in Ghana (Ghana Statistical Servi ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]Reliability of the Instrument Reliability has to do with the consistency of the result, According to Koul (2001), Rose, (2001) is the stability, dependability and predictability of the tests or of the method been used. The reliability of an instrument is the degree to which it yields consistent results, when it is administered over a numbers of times. The researcher employed test retest method to find the reliability of the instrument. The researcher administered sample of twenty (20) ques ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]Test of Hypotheses Hypothesis One Ho1: Sickness is not a significant result of malnutrition among children in Ilorin West local Government Area.Table 2 showed chi – square summary of sickness and malnutrition among children in Ilorin west Local Government Area, The calculated value is 71.866 and the table value is 16.92, degree of freedom of 9 at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The decision is to reject the null hypotheses if the calculated value is greater than cri ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVESUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMANDATION Summary The study investigated the incidence of malnutrition among children in Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara state. Data collected from two hundred (200) respondents was presented with appropriate tables with the use of frequency count and percentages while five hypothesis were tested in study the use of chi-square (x2) statistical method at 0.05 significance level. It has been able o found out in the study influence of sickness, in ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 2 ]REFERENCESAjieroh, V. (2010). A Quantitative Analysis of Determinations of child and Maternal Malnutrition in Nigeria IFPRI Nigeria Strategy Support Program Brief No. 11, 2010.Alaimo, Katherine, Christine M. Olson, and Edward A. Fronggillo Jr.(2001). ‘’Food Insufficiency and American School-Aged Children’s Cognitive, Academic, and Psychosocial Development.’’ Pediatrics 108(1): 44-53.Babatunde, R.O. & Qaim, M. (2010). Impact of Off – farm income on Food Se ... Continue reading---
