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Influence Of Shyness And Body Dysmorphism On Internet Addiction
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Apparent shyness, as
perceived by others, may simply be the manifestation of reservation or
introversion, character traits which cause an individual to voluntarily
avoid excessive social contact or be terse in communication, but are not
motivated or accompanied by discomfort, apprehension, or lack of
confidence. Rather, according to professor of psychology Bernardo J.
Carducci, introverts choose to avoid social situations because they
derive no reward from them or may find surplus sensory input
overwhelming, whereas shy people may fear such situations (Whitten,
2001). Research using the statistical techniques of factor analysis and
correlation has found shyness overlaps mildly with both introversion
and neuroticism (i.e., negative emotionality) (Crazier, 1979; Heiser,
Turner & Beidel 2003; Shiner & Caspi, 2003) Low societal
acceptance of shyness or introversion may reinforce a shy or introverted
individual's low self-confidence (Cain, 2012). Both shyness and
introversion can outwardly manifest with socially withdrawn behaviors,
such as tendencies to avoid social situations, especially when they are
unfamiliar. A variety of research suggests that shyness and introversion
possess clearly distinct motivational forces and lead to uniquely
different personal and peer reactions and therefore cannot be described
as theoretically the same, (Coplan, Rose-Krasnor, Weeks, Kingsbury,
Kingsbury & Bullock, 2012; Asendorpf & Meier 1993; Chen,Wang
& Cao, 2011; Susan, 2012) further discerning introversion as
involving being differently social (preferring one-on-one or small group
interactions) rather than being anti -social altogether (Cornish,
2012).
Research suggests that no unique physiological response, such
as an increased heart- beat, accompanies socially withdrawn behavior in
familiar compared with unfamiliar social situations. But unsociability
leads to decreased exposure to unfamiliar social situations and shyness
causes a lack of response in such situations, suggesting that shyness
and unsociability affect two different aspects of sociability and are
distinct personality traits (Susan, 2012). In addition, different
cultures perceive unsociability and shyness in different ways, leading
to either positive or negative individual feelings of self-esteem.
Collectivist cultures view shyness as a more positive trait related to
compliance with group ideals and self-control, while perceiving chosen
isolation (introverted behavior) negatively as a threat to group
harmony; and because collectivist society accepts shyness and rejects
unsociability, shy individuals develop higher self-esteem than
introverted individuals (Chen, Wang & Cao, 2011). On the other
hand, individualistic cultures perceive shyness as a weakness and a
character flaw, while unsociable personality traits (preference to spend
time alone) are accepted because they uphold the value of autonomy;
accordingly, shy individuals tend to develop low self-esteem in Western
cultures while unsociable individuals develop high self-esteem (Coplan,
Rose-Krasnor, Weeks, Kingsbury, Kingsbury & Bullock, 2012).
Those considered shy are also said to be socially inhibited. Social
inhibition is the conscious or unconscious constraint by a person of
behavior of a social nature. In other words, social inhibition is
holding back for social reasons. There are different levels of social
inhibition, from mild to severe. Being socially inhibited is good when
preventing one from harming another and bad when causing one to refrain
from participating in class discussions.
Behavioral inhibition is a
temperament or personality style that predisposes a person to become
fearful, distressed and withdrawn in novel situations. This personality
style is associated with the development of anxiety disorders in
adulthood, particularly social anxiety disorder (Ordoñez-Ortega,
Espinosa-Fernandez, Garcia-Lopez & Muela-Martinez, 2013). So due to
these assumptions undergraduate that are shy is predicted to be a
predictor of Internet addiction.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The study investigated the influence of shyness and body dysmorphism on internet addiction among undergraduates. Six hundred and forty undergraduates were recruited as participants in the present study from two tertiary institutions (university of uyo and Akwa Ibom State university) consisting of 307 males and 337 females. Their age range range were from 18- 45 and their mean age was 38.5. A cross sectional design was adopted for the study. Three instruments were used in the study: Shyness Scale ... Continue reading---
