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Roles Of Self Objectification And Appearance Anxiety On Marital Satisfaction
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Nevertheless, Amato (2007)
asserted that marital happiness have been equal among men and women.
besides, the results of some studies show satisfaction about sexual
activity is one of the most important factors affecting marital
satisfaction, so lower satisfaction will occurs when sexual activity
reduce due to aging by lack of stress and unhappiness. Marital
satisfaction is a complex process that has over time been thought to be
influenced by many factors, including education, socio-economic status,
love, commitment, marital communication, conflict, gender, length of
marriage, the presence of children, sexual relations and the division of
labor (Hendrick & Hendrick, 1992). The presence of children has
both negative and positive relation on marital satisfaction. In
addition, studies have shown that there is a relationship between number
of children, particularly preschool children, and marital satisfaction
(Stevens, Kiger & Riley, 2001).Being an important element of marital
life, sexual relationship and satisfaction derived from it has
significant relation to have a warm and sustaining relationship between
spouses. Husbands' and wives' ratings of satisfaction with their sexual
relationship were significantly related to the overall satisfaction
with their marital relationship (Young & luquis, 1998).
Additionally, having low levels of education in large percentage of
adults has been shown through a study could cause to lower level of
satisfaction, since high education levels leads to better communication
and conflict resolution skills in marriage.
The objectification
theory (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997) posits that men and women often
are looked at as objects by society, with a sexual focus being placed on
their bodies rather than on their abilities. The ubiquity of these
objectification experiences socializes people to internalize an observer
perspective upon their body. This process is called
self-objectification and it occurs when people think about and treat
themselves as objects to be regarded and evaluated based upon appearance
(Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997; McKinley, 2011). Since the foundational
work of Fredrickson and Roberts (1997), literature has largely
demonstrated the damaging psychological corollary of
self-objectification. Experimental research has shown that heightened
self-objectification promotes general shame, appearance anxiety, drive
for thinness, hinders task performances and increases negative mood
(Moradi and Huang, 2008; Gervais et al., 2011; Rollero, 2013; Tiggemann,
2013). Consistently, correlational studies have found that
self-objectification is related to appearance anxiety, body shame,
positive attitudes toward cosmetic surgery, depression, sexual
dysfunction and various forms of disordered eating (Miner-Rubino 2002;
Calogero, 2009; Calogero, 2010; Peat and Muehlenkamp, 2011; Tiggemann
and Williams, 2012). Most correlational studies have been cross
sectional, but some longitudinal data are available as well and report
similar outcomes (McKinley, 2006). Even if objectification theory was
developed in reference to womens experiences, research has explored the
applicability of this framework to investigate mens experience as well.
Studies have shown that men report lower self-objectification than do
women, but young male adults are becoming progressively more worried
about their physical aspect (Weltzin , 2005; Moradi and Huang, 2008).
This seems to be related to the growing tendency to objectify men’s
bodies in Western societies, which increases body image concerns among
men (Johnson, 2007; Daniel, 2014). In line with findings about women,
mens self-objectification is correlated with lower self-esteem, negative
mood, worse perceived health and disordered eating (Calogero, 2009;
Rollero, 2013; Register, 2015; Rollero and De Piccoli, 2015). Moreover,
self-objectification processes have been taken into account to explain
drive for muscularity, excessive exercise and steroid use in men (Daniel
and Bridges, 2010; Parent and Moradi, 2011). In sum, a great number of
studies grounded in objectification theory have elucidated links between
self-objectification processes and relevant psychological outcomes both
in female and in male populations. Fewer studies have driven the
attention to the potential antecedents of self-objectification. Most of
them emphasize the role played by mass media: literature has clearly
demonstrated the relationship between viewing objectified media models
and both men and women’s self-objectification (e.g., Groesz, 2002;
Tiggemann, 2003; Grabe, 2008; López-Guimerà , 2010; Rollero, 2013;
Vandenbosch and Eggermont, 2014).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This study investigated the role of self-objectification and Appearance Anxiety on marital satisfaction among married people. Two hundred and fifty-three (253) participants purposively selected from St, Peters Catholic Church, ministry of education and ministry of Health, in Uyo, Akwa-Ibom State consisting of 109 males and 144 females with a mean age of 35.6 years. A survey design was adopted for the study. Three instruments were used in the study objectified body consciousness scale (Melkinley ... Continue reading---
