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Influence Of Gender And Job Status On Employee Stress Among The Nigerian Police Force
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The third which is positive social
circumstance and low stress are associated with increased ability to
fight cancer. For instance having good social relationship and support
is often linked with higher NK-cell level (NK stands for “Natural
Killerâ€), whereas a high degree of stress is often related to lower
NK-cell level (Levy, 1990).
In a more recent study, combination of
personal and job factor placed individuals at risk for getting side
(Shanbroeck, Jone, Xic, 2001). Each member of an organisation has his or
her own style of behaving. Employees who perceived they had control
over the job responsibilities but didn’t have confidence in their
problem-solving abilities or who blamed themselves for bad outcome were
the likeliest to experience stress. These types of situation place
employees at risk of getting infection.
Employee’s stress is
inevitable in organizations, including the Nigerian police force. The
coping strategies adopted by the stressed therefore makes that paramount
different in its effect on human (Passer and Smith 2001). Although men
and women both use problem-focused coping , but men are more likely to
favour it as the first strategy they use when they confront a stressor
at work. On the other hand, women, who tend to have larger support
network and higher needs for affiliation than men are more likely than
men to seek social support (Billing and Moos 1998, Schwarzer 1998), but
if there is a deficiency in this support, it becomes disastrous to
women. Women also are somewhat more likely than men to report using
emotional focused coping. This general, pattern of responding to stress
is consistent with socialization that boys and girls traditionally
experience. In most cultures, boys are pushed to be more independent,
assertive and self-sufficient, whereas, girls are expected to be more
emotionally expressive, supportive and dependent (Passer and Smith,
2001).
According to (Nolen-Hoeksema 2001) she observed that women are
more prone than men to stress and by extension, they are more
susceptible to all known anxiety disorders. Compared to men, women have
two or three times the rate of panic with agoraphobia, three or four
times more specific phobia, one and a half times more social phobia and
two times more generalized anxiety disorder (Kessler & Nelson,
1995). All the above disorders are induced by stress. The question now
is, why would women be more likely than men to experience stress and
subsequently develop these disorders?
Nolen-Hoeksema suggest that
women have a greater risk of stress at workplace, less coping strategy
and by extension a greater risk of anxiety disorder because of their
relationship with others. This idea by Nolen-Heeksema was supported by
Chodorow, 1978, Horney, 1934, Miller, 1986 who mention that women
generally have less power in organisation than men do and their status
are typically tied to the men they are related to. this causes women to
ching to others, play passive and subservient roles in relationship,
express a sense of being vulnerable and defenseless and be hyper
vigilant to any sign of problems in their relationships. For instance in
the Nigeria police force, women are generally less in power, even the
duties they perform and well specified, thus, secretarial duties,
orderly, receptionish and other messelnious duties that may not prone
them to tention. Even if she happen to be involve in some adhoelc
duties, she must ching to a male canterpart. It has been impossible to
have in Africa and world over a woman inspector general of Police, even
if there are, it may be few. In Nigeria we have never experience one,
not that they are not intelligent to administer, direct or control their
subjects unlike the male canterpart, but when the job involves
operational in nature which the leader must be physically present it
becomes impossible for a woman to withstand the pressure.
In another
study by Bruch and Cheek (1995). Women were found to experience greater
level of exposure to stress than men in organizations. This also
explains that these stressors could be implicated in mood disorder often
experienced by women. According to Bruch and Cheek, men feel it is
socially unacceptable to express stress and this may be more prone to
confront their feared situations and thereby extinguish their anxiety.
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