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Level Of Awareness On The Prevention Of Anaemia Among Pregnant Women
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1.2.1 Social cognitive theory
The Social
Cognitive Theory stems from the Social Learning Theory and was suggested
by Alfred Bandura in 1986. The pregnant women knowledge, attitude,
beliefs, care and control, role model, willingness to change, were
identified as malleable factors in order to influence the dietary
habits, and adherence to Iron Folic-Acid (IFA) supplements. The design
of the intervention is guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT).
According to the SCT, at least two principal sources of self-efficacy;
verbal persuasion and performance accomplishment are intended to mediate
the effect of this intervention. The education of pregnant women about
anemia, nutrition, and Iron Folic-Acid (IFA) supplementationcould foster
the perception that their actions can control anemia in them (Bandura,
1989).
1.2.2 Health Belief Model
Health Belief Model was first
developed in the 1950s by social psychologists Hochbaum, Rosenstock and
Kegels. The model uses constructs that represent perceived threats and
net benefits such as perceived susceptibility, perceived severity,
perceived benefits, perceived barriers, cues to action and
self-efficacy. The model asserts that these constructs account for
aperson’s “readiness to act†(Rosenstock, 1988). The most important role
is figured in teaching and providing pregnant women with information
needed based on social and psychological behavioral changes to maintain
health during pregnancy mainly those related to nutritional aspects.
Using health belief model during health education session nurses
emphasize on behavioral changes to assist pregnant women to change their
eating habits and practices that contribute to nutritional
deficit(Bandura, 1989).
1.3 Statement of the problem
This
study was to determine awareness level on knowledge regarding anaemiaand
its prevention among pregnant women attending Antenatal Clinic at
Primary Health Center NungUdoe inIbesikpoAsutan.However, anaemia is the
foremost cause of maternal mortality since it is very common among
pregnant women.It is well thought-out to be high in countries with
prevalence greater than 40% (WHO, 2008).In lots of African countries
including Nigeria, chronic protein energy malnutrition,and poor weight
gain during pregnancy, anaemia, and other hidden hunger deficiencies are
common among women (Huffman, Harvey, Martin, Piwoz, Ndure, Combest,
Mwadime& Quinn, 2001). Despite this, few studies have assessed the
possible causes of anaemia among pregnant women in Nigeria. In order to
reduce this trend, it is necessary to determine possible causes of
anaemia, especially due to nutrition, inIbesikpoAsutan Local Government
Area of AkwaIbom State.Iron deficiency is the most frequent nutritional
disorder in the world. It occurs when the amount of iron absorbed in the
body is inadequate to meet its necessities, and if lingering, results
in iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). It is anticipated that about1.3
billion people suffer from anaemia, of which most is due to iron
deficiency. Iron deficiency anaemia is amajor cause of morbidity and
mortality. This situation persists although the interventions necessary
for prevention and treatment are available, effective and inexpensive
(Bhanushali, Shirode, Joshi, and Kadam, 2011)
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