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Impact Of Containerization On Transport And Distribution
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6. Distance: This is the range cover on transportation while container is on shipment.
7.
The value of the goods: Freight rate is chargeable according to the
value of the goods: this is because valuable item requires extra care
attention and protection from damage and loss, hence it attracts higher
premium from insurance companies. In the way bill preparation shippers
are advised to make a declaration of the value of their shipment
valuable items attract higher rate.
8. Condition of the road: The
prevailing road condition is similar to that of distance since bad roads
know to consume more fuel and lubricants as well as high maintenance
expenses. Bad roads attract high freight rates.
9. The nature of the
cargo shipped: Some cargoes are known to require the provision of
extra-ordinary facilities to make its carriage safe. These goods are
hazardous in nature as their carriage but both the vehicle and the
operating crew in dangerous position throughout the trip. Some chemicals
are corrosive while some are inflammable and require extra handling
care and equipment. Freight rate for such shipment are high.
10.
Availability of return cargo: Promising a hauler of return cargo can
induce acceptability of the contract as this helps in reducing the
average operating expenses of each return ship. Availability of return
cargo improve the capacity utilization of the vehicle and the
productivity of the operating crew. Lower rates are therefore changeable
where heavy traffic occurs at both ends of the trip.
11.
Availability of competing modes: Freight rates are known to be high
where there is no effective competition among the transport modes. In
Nigeria, the demise of the railway as a cost effective mode of cargo
haulage gave the road trucking power to high rates of shipment at the
slightest chances.
12. Promotional rate: Planning to establish a new
trucking may attract a low freight rate but the rate must be at a level
that will guarantee the covering of the operating costs. The carriers
firms normally use the promotional rate to create awareness for their
services.
13. Material handling: It is a means of supporting and simplifying production process and efficient distribution.
14.
Freight Forwarders: This provides important service in physical
distribution and logistics. They do not operate with their own
transportation facilities. The consolidate Less Than Car Load (LCL) or
Less Than Truck Load (LTL) consignments from various slipper into Car
Load (CL) or Truck Load for onward shipping at the benefit of themselves
and their client.
15. Carriage of goods: These occur when a company
or a person carry goods on behalf of another company or person from one
place to another with a consideration of payment for the service
rendered. The person or company accepting to carry goods for another is
regarded as the carrier and the one whose goods are being carried is the
shipper who may either be the consignor or the consignee.
16.
Warehousing: Is a large centralized store, usually in a convenient
location in relation to the market area to be served. The warehouse is
basically designed to bridge any large gap between when goods are
produced and when consumers require them.
17. Scheduling: Is the
process of effectively planning transport routes so that deliver of the
require orders is carried out timely with minimum delays and cost
possible.
18. Routing: It involves scheduling vehicles to match as
best as possible customers demand for delivery with the availability and
capacity of vehicles and taking into account constraint such as early
closing days, preferred delivery times, lorry access restriction etc.
19.
Piggyback: Here a tractor pulls the loaded trailer from plant to rail
loading yard or tactic where the trailer is placed on flat platform of
an open coal, which holds several trailers.
20. Fish back (Roll
on/Roll off) RORO is similar to piggyback except that it combines the
use of truck and water carriers. The main objective is to reduce the
extremely high cost of loading and unloading individually packaged items
abroad ship.
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 3]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This project is made up of five chapters which contain different information about the project.In chapter one, the researcher introduced and explain the background of the study, how it covers the case study of PZ Aba, Abia State. The researcher reviews the statement of the problem, of the organization, objective of the study, significance of the study. The hypothesis was tested to prove the Ho and Hi.Chapter two shows the literature review; here what the topic is all about was explained. The def ... Continue reading---
