2.4 Material Handing
Ellen (2001) also emphasis that in some basic industries material handling represent 80% of all production cost in others about 20%. It is therefore clean that by effective materials handling a masked reduction in cost is possible. The problem is often the limitation older building and the lack of proper planning which makes the inc of newer equipment very difficult if only warehousing operations are involved it is easier to modernize but in complex manufacturing area integrated handling can be used only if plans are made will before building commences. He believes that the more materials handling can be eliminated and the more there processing on the more efficient industry will become. He also said coordinated flow lines are needed from raw materials though receiving process warehousing and slipping to primary center of distribution reduction in cost is possible by the use of handling equipment anal the eliminations of unnecessary handling and improved layout accidents are also reduced and work in progress kept at minimum. Robbert (2003).
Robbert identified the 3 classes of handling equipment
a. For movement of materials over a line of travel between two fixed points. This can be done by the use of conveyor belt, power rovers gravity and overhead trailer and cranes.
b. For moving materials vertical in multi stored building e.g. elevators horst and spiral gravity cults and conveyors can be used.
c. For movement between points not in a fixed line-tractors with trucks can be used.
A fork lift is a vehicle with arm or forks which can be positioned under crates etc the forks move up or down the column in front of the truck,, thereby raising or lowering the crates and stacking them to desire height
Pallet is a form of fork-lift duck which life loads only a few inches off the ground in order to transport it.
Automatic pallet loaders can take as may as ten different packages from production lines out and stock them in any designed sequence and forward the loaded pallet by conveyer to the next stage without human effort standardization is essential both in pallet sizes and in the loading and height of way flows (Oronpton 2002).
2.5 Material Movement
Effective material movement that will greatly assist in reducing waste in a company, therefore the movement at materials from the lowering of the container, identification, storage and slipping to store production mines must be based on principles of lean manufacturing that every movement must be able to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness the movement of material from the point to another must be considered carefully although only one inch if indeed it can be made improvement to be done because the repetition factor of production processes continuously distance of one inch, if indeed it can be made improvement to be done because the repletion factor of production processes continuously distance, if it done thousand of time Sander (201)2).
Importance thing we cm do to reduce movement of Materials
Create a storage as dose as possible to the loading bay Which is where Loading & unloading of materials.
 The store immediately conduct the data collection of materials to be stored in die store with the intention of the materials does net need to park in the loading bay area. They cart now bring immediate leading and unloading of materials from the container directly to storage.
 Coordinate all production lines in order to minimize the movement of materials especially the number of moves stating how loading bay to get into the production process coordination here involves transfer to authority from the official line of one to the other line there must be misunderstanding and no coordination haviage system. Price (2001) Price and Carter R.J (2005) also listed the responsibilities of production planting as.
i. Advance roaring of large increase in demand and shock requirement must be gives.
ii. Notification of alterations in the production must be given. In most productive circumstances unforeseen situation e.g. machine breakdown will suddenly make current production plan obsolete and a new plan with have to be instituted to account for the alterations, planning must ensure that material management is not fixed as long as possible of these alteration the effect in term of material raid time period involved. This will enable the material management to supply the materials needed and avoid the situation of production demanding materials arid material management being unaware of any problems or charges.
