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Role Of Purchasing In Quality Determination (pqd) In The Manufacturing Industries
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1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS AND VARIABLES
a. Total quality (TQ)
TQ
can best described as anything that an organization, a society or a
community does, which in the eyes of other determines its reputation on a
comparative basic with the best alternative.
b. Quality determination (PQD )
This
is a sub-element of total quality and embraces the managerial and
organizations features. It does not include the philosophical or
business strategic issues. The word “management†means authoritative
control over the affairs of others or an act or instance of guiding or
the careful guarding of an asset. (Hutehin 1992).
c. Total Quality determination (TQC)
This
is the term used in Japan which frustrates as total quality as earlier
described. It is a profound concept and goes far beyond the parameters
of PQD . This is because the word “control†implies that there is:
i. A plan
ii. Performance of the plan-doing
iii. Comparism between plan and performance checking
iv. Corrective action on the difference
d. Competitive Benchmarking
This
is the attaining and setting of standards that effectively and
eventually becomes targets for all serious competitors in the same or
related industries. Such comparison of standard can be made in almost
any measure, many of which are not industry specific.
Examples includes debtor/vreditor ratios, credit period. Labour turnover, age of employees, training level etc.
Benchmarking
is a continous process of measuring a company’s products, services and
methods practices either against direct competition or company known and
accepted as leaders (Baridan 1998).
The measure can be internal,
unit to unit, competitive, by product function or services, industry
leader, comparison with leaders in the industry, generic, comparison of
function or processes which are the same regardless of industry. E.g
distribution (Baridan)
Benchmarking study are carried out or done to
find out best practise in the critical processes deduction from the
organizations critical success factors or CSF’S (Akinduro 1997).
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