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Application Of Geoinformatics Techniques In Controlling Flooding In Vulnerable Roads And Buildings In Nigeria
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1.3 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this research is to employ
Geoinformatics (Geographical Information System (GIS), remote sensing
and cartographic) techniques to generate flood vulnerability map showing
buildings and roads that are susceptible to flooding in the study area
of Port Harcourt at different buffer distances.
The following specific objectives were pursued in order to achieve the above aim:
Conversion of existing analogue map to digital format by digitizing (creating spatial database).
Creating a suitable attribute database for the study area.
Link both spatial and attribute database.
To generate buildings in the study area to ascertain those that are vulnerable to flooding.
To produce vulnerability maps of the study area.
To identify the impact which floods will have on the socio-economic livelihoods of the people.
Make recommendations based on the findings.
1.4 Significance of the Study
The
recent flooding that occurred in various part of Nigeria makes this
research expedient, to allow for action to prevent such disaster from
occurring. The significance of this research work cannot be
overemphasized as it has tremendous importance and positve impact on
almost all sectors of the economy, government departments and the
society at large. These significance include;
The research work provides information on the flood vulnerability of infrastructures in the study area.
The work provides satellite derived data of the study area for further studies and research.
The research work increases and add to the knowledge of the study area.
It
further exposes and prove the potentiality, accuracy and efficiecy of
Geoinformatics as a technology for the study of flood hazard management.
1.5 Scope of the Study
The
scope of the study is limited to Port Harcourt which is the study area
and its immediate environment. The study only took into consideration
buildings that are vulnerable to flooding at selected buffer distances
of 20 meters, 30 meters and 50 meters; and roads that are susceptible to
flooding at selected buffer distances of 60 meters, 80 meters and 100
meters.
1.6 Study Area
1.6.1 Location
Port Harcourt
(Igbo: Diobu, Iguocha or Ugwuocha; Pidgin: "Po-ta-kot") is the capital
of Rivers State, Nigeria. It is situated in ObioAkp, Rivers, Nigeria,
its geographical coordinates are Latitude 4° 47' 21" North, and
Longitude 6° 59' 55" East and its original name (with diacritics) is
Port Harcourt. It lies along the Bonny River and is located in the Niger
Delta. According to the 2006 Nigerian census Port Harcourt has a
population of 1,382,592.
1.6.2 Climate
Port Harcourt features a
tropical monsoon climate with lengthy and heavy rainy seasons and very
short dry seasons. Only the months of December and January truly
qualifies as dry season months in the city. The harmattan, which
climatically influences many cities in West Africa, is less pronounced
in Port Harcourt. Port Harcourt's heaviest precipitation occurs during
September with an average of 370 mm of rain. December on average is the
driest month of the year, with an average rainfall of 20 mm.
Temperatures throughout the year in the city are relatively constant,
showing little variation throughout the course of the year. Average
temperatures are typically between 25°C-28°C in the city.
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