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Isolation And Identification Of Bacteria Associated With Blood Infection
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1Background of the Study
Blood
infection is a condition where the blood stream of a human is been
infected by pathogenic microorganisms that releases their toxins into
the blood stream causing life-threatening and other serious
complications. The presence of viable bacteria organisms in the blood is
called bacteremia. This is a leading cause of death in most countries
especially in rural areas and under developed countries like Nigeria and
other African countries (Burton, 1992).
The effects of these
organisms causes many complicated illness in people with compromised
body immune system and also in people who have undergone surgical
operations that may subject them to loss of blood. Bacteria blood
infection (bacteremia) is a major cause of death in people living with
HIV/Aids and also in anaemic patients (Memmler et al, 1992).
These
viable bacteria organisms invade into the blood stream through the
simple skin cut or wounds, surgical operation and through the body
portal of entry like the anus, nose, mouth and genital tracts. It is
noted that un-sterilized syringe and surgical equipments used on
patients by health care providers are among the major source of
pathogenic organisms the blood stream. These organisms causes urinary
tract infection and stomach up-set when they accumulate into these body
parts and later found their way into the blood stream through the blood
capillaries that supplies blood to these part of the body (Ojukwu,
2002).
Bacteremia may cause no symptoms and resolve without treatment
especially in people with strong body immunity.It can also produce
fever and other symptoms of infection when they conquer the body immune
system in people with suppressed body immune system. In some cases, this
blood infection leads to septic shock, a potential life-threatening
condition (Ako-Naiet al, 2000).
There are many types of blood
infection but the most common type is called sepsis or setpticamia. When
referring to the blood infections, the term sepsis and septicaemia are
often interchangeable used but the two words are slightly different in
their meanings. The term sepsis is a condition where the entire body is
involve in a toxic condition of pathogenic microorganisms and their
toxins spread from one site of the body to another. While septicaemia is
a condition where there are active pathogens present in the blood
stream itself. When the pathogens involved in the blood stream are only
bacteria, then the condition is known as bacteremia (Azubike and
Nwanginieneme, 2002).
Talking of blood infection; sepsis is a serious
medical condition caused by overwhelming immune response to infections.
Chemicals released into the blood to fight infections triggers
widespread of inflammation which may result in organ damage. Blood
clotting during sepsis reduces blood flow in the limbs and internal
organs, depriving them from nutrients and oxygen. In severe cases, one
or more organ may fail or may lead fast drop in blood pressure called
septic shock which can lead to failure to several organs such as brain,
kidney, liver and lungs causing sudden death (Jawetz, 1989).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]Bacteria blood infection (bacteremia) is the presence of viable bacteria and their toxic chemicals in the blood. Blood stream is normally a sterile environment. Therefore the presence of pathogenic organism in the blood is abnormal and can be referred as blood poisoning. Bacteremia occur when species from Gram positive or Gram negative bacteria organism such asStaphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus spp, Escherichia coliand many other species swim into the blood stream and release ... Continue reading---
