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Incidence Of Urinary Schistosomiasis And The Contributory Risk Factors Among School Children
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Habitat.
Schistosoma
haematobium occurs in the veins of the vessical plexus surrounding the
urinary bladder of man. it is found throughout Africa, middle East and
India. the skin or integument is spined. The snail hosts are members of
the genius Bulinus which are fresh water snail. it is the agent of
haematuria and in renal schistosomiasis, the eggs are voided via urine
(Uyaeme, 2011).
Raven and Johnson (1996) stated that the wide spread,
introduction of irrigation in the tropic has contributed greatly to the
spread of this serious disease, by spreading habitats for the snails
that carry the worms. The disease is an occupational hazard because
people are infected due to the type of occupation (job they do). It is
water borne, people that frequent stagnant water bodies like lakes,
streams, ponds, dams e.t.c are at risk of being infected. The presence
of the appropriate snail host in a habitat is also important in the
disease transmission. Pollution of water with human faeces and urine due
to bad sanitary habits or disposition of human wastes in water bodies
is also important.
Economic importance
Schistosoma haematobium
causes schistosomiasis also known as Bilharzia. Hosts of the parasites
are humans and affect about 200 million people worldwide and is
considered one of the most serious pathogenic infections today
(chitsulo, 2000).
S haematobium is pathogenic to humans and causes
spot of blood in the urine and sometimes in the stool, this leads to
haematuria (Uyaeme, 2011).
S haematobium causes cough, fever, skin
inflammation and tenderness of the liver because the spined eggs attach
to vital organs and cause tissue degeneration. Later stages may cause
swelling and damaging of the liver and other organs. the eggs of S
haematobium can clog the bladder neck and cause infection chronic
schistosomiasis raises the incidence of bladder cancer in many middle
eastern countries (Roberts et al, 2000).
Calcified eggs embedded in
the bladder wall increase the chances of blockage of the vessels.
Although other species of schistosoma are also of medical importance.
S haematobium is the only species that affects human urinary system (Baschi, 1991).
Considering
the high morbidity and mortality associated with Schistosoma infection
in man, it is important that before any control measures can be
attempted, a thorough knowledge of the disease pathogen, the
epidemiology, the life cycle and the economic importance as well as the
egg shape must be well understood.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The purpose of this investigation was to determine the incidence and association of urinary Schistosomiasis among a cross section of two primary school (Agulu migrant and Umuowelle primary school) in Agulu,Anaocha Local Government Area of Anambra state.A cross sectional study was done with a total of 60 participants that provided urine samples to be examined for urinary Schistosomiasis.The schools were Agulu migrant and Umuowelle primary school.The urine samples were examined usind the sedimen ... Continue reading---
