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The Incidence Of Hiv In Blood Donors
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an enveloped lentivirus with cylindrical
core inside it’s capsid which posses reverse transcriptase. Infection
of this virus to human body causes AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome). The HIV/AIDs epidemic has devastated individuals and families
affected by the virus. The virus is spread through blood, semen,
vaginal secretion and breast mills of infected patients. Other modes of
transmission are unprotected sexual intercourse with HIV positive
partner, transfusion of HIV infected blood, use of unsterilized needle
and syringe, razor or any other skin piercing objective used by HIV
infected person (Peter et al , 2002).
Human immunodeficiency virus
is extremely fragile and cannot survive outside the body’s fluids
therefore, HIV is not transmitted by causal physical contact such
kissing, holding hands, sneezing or coughing, sharing toilets, using
the same eating utensils among other. Also HIV cannot spread by
mosquitoes and can not destroyed by bleach, strong detergents and hot
water (Maura, 2010).
There are two types of HIV, HIV-1 and HIV – 2.
HIV 1 is the type of that accounts for the majority of infections in the
world and has at least ten genetic sub-types while HIV -2 is found
primarily in west Africa and U.S. The types of less easily transmitted
and progress more slowly to disease than type 1.
The infected person
may feel healthy but he or she can infect other the virus during the
window stage. Window stage is the stage in which HIV positive is
carrying the virus in the body bit the antibodies to HIV has not
appeared when screening (Maura, 2010).
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
There
have been cases of the presence of the HIV/AIDs in blood donated for
use on patients in many hospitals of Nigeria. This has led to the
creation of fears in a good number of patients when the case arises
that blood has to be transfused. The fear alone is another dimension of
illness that leads to serious consequences. This condition also has
contributed to high spread of new HIV infections to people and is
especially more with people in low-income countries that have inadequate
health care service. Also HIV infected blood transfused to patients
have devastated many individuals and families since AIDs is incurable
(Watson, 1992).
Finally, presence of HIV in blood donated for use has
resulted in gotten a now born baby of HIV positive which have increased
the morbidity and mortality among children in many countries (Peter, et
al, 2002).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This study of the incidence of HIV in blood donors was carried out at Bishop Shanahan Hospital Nsukka of Enugu state, Nigeria. Blood samples from two hundred donors were collected examined and analyzed for HIV positive result showed that 12% of the total number of donors were seropositive. Comprising of male and female donors. When tested statistically using chi-square distribution, the result showed that there is no significance difference in the incidence of HIV between the male and female don ... Continue reading---
