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Determination Of The Level Of Ethanol In Alcoholic Beverages Produced In Nigeria As An Indication For Safety Standard
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study.
An alcoholic beverage is a drink containing ethanol (commonly called
alcohol), also called ethylalcohol, pure alcohol, grain alcohol or
drinking alcohol. It is a volatile flammable colorless liquid. It is a
powerful psychoactive drug and one of the oldest recreational drugs. It
is best known as the type of alcohol found in alcohol beverages and
thermometer. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as alcohol
or spirit (Brain and Allan, 2005).
Alcoholic beverages are
divided into three general classes, beer, wines and spirits. They are
legally consumed in most countries and over 100 countries have laws
regulating their production and consumption. In particular, such laws
specify the minimum age at which a person may legally buy or drink the
minimum age varies between 16 and 25 years, depending upon the country
and the type of drink. Most nations set it at 18 years of age. Alcohol
beverages are valued on account of their flavour and their stimulating
effect and hardly at all as a source of energy; nevertheless, it is
worth nothing that the energy value of dry wine is about equal to that
of milk. The three classes of alcoholic beverages are all made from
carbohydrate materials by fermentation and their particular ingredient
used and the way in which it is processed chiefly determines the
character of the drink. The starting material used depends upon the
product required. For example whisky is made from grain, Rum from
molasses, wine from grapes, beer from malt and cider from apples (Morris
Jacobs, 2009). The production and consumption of alcohols occurs in
most cultures of the world, from hunter gatherer people to nation
states.
1.2 Statement of the Problem.
Alcoholic
beverages are often an important part of social event in these cultures.
In many cultures, drinking plays a significant role in social
interaction-mainly because of alcohol’s neurological effects. Alcohol is
a psychoactive drug that has depressant effect. A high blood alcohol
content is usually considered to be legal drunkenness because it reduces
attention and slows reaction speed. Alcohol can be additive, and the
state of addition to alcohol is known as alcoholism (Bamforth, 2006).
Alcohol-specifically ethanol (ethyl alcohol, EtOH, CH3CH2OH) is the
most socially accepted additive drug, which can have life threatening
health hazards, its pleasures are very widely acknowledged and form a
bond of community for the majority of adults in Western countries.
References to those pleasures from a kind of “standing joke†physical
and mental discordination (disorientation are viewed with bemused
affection).
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]This project is a survey of level of alcohol in beverages produced in Nigeria and to ascertain the compliance of the producers in accordance with accepted values on WHO recommendation. Six brands of alcoholic beverages (Guilders, star Harp, Heineken, Stout and Legend) were bought in Awka in Anambra state. The samples were analyzed for level of alcohol (Ethanol) using acid dichromate reaction and visible spectroscopy methods. The result obtained for bottom fermented beers; Guilders 5.1, star 5.3, ... Continue reading---
