Insilico Identification 0f Putative Drug Targets Instaphylococcus Aureus

  Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing a wide range of infection in the hospital and community setting. In order have adequate information for treatment of staphylococcus aureus infections, it is crucial to understand the trend in the antibiotic-resistance patterns. In addition, the occurrence and changes in types of staphylococcus aureus, colonial identities, and their geographic spread is essential for the establishment of adequate infection control programmes. In this study, 68 staphylococcus aureus isolates obtained from clinical and non-clinical sources Nigeria  between January and April 2009 were characterized using phenotype and molecular method.

              Staphylococcus areus can exemplify better than any other human pathogen the adaptive evolution of bacteria in the antibiotic era, as it has demonstrated a unique ability to quickly respond to each new antibiotic with the development of a resistant mechanism, starting with penicillin and methicillin, until the most recent linezolid and daptomycin. Resistant mechanism included inactivation of the antibiotic (penicillinase and aminogylcoside-modification enzymes) alteration of the target with decrease affinity for the antibiotic notable example being penicillin-binding protein 29 of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and D-ala-D-lac of peptidoglycan precursors of Vancomycin-resistant strains]and afflux pumps [fluroquinolone and tetracycline].Complex genetic arrays[Staphylococcus chromosomal cassette mechanism elements or the Van A Operonl have been acquired by Staphylococcus aureus through horizontal gene transfer, while  resistance to other antibiotics, including some of the most recent ones [e.g fluroquinolones linezolid and daptomycin have developed through spontaneous mutations and positive selection. Detection of the resistance mechanisms and their genetic basis is an important support antibiotics susceptibility and surveillance in Staphylococcus aureus.

    The need for new drugs comes from the widespread resistance to those in current use. New drugs targets are required to allow the discovery of chemically diverse effective drugs. The search for such new targets and new drug chemo types will likely be helped by the advent of functional genomics and structure-based drug design. After validation of the putative targets as those capable of providing effective and safe drugs, targets can be used as the basis for screening compounds in order to identify new leads, which in turn, will qualify for lead optimization work. Many enzyme in macromolecular and metabolite synthesis are promising potential targets, some of which have been established in many micro organisms.

     Any gene necessary for the viability of a pathogenic organism may be a possible drug target, particularly when the sequence of that gene has little or no similarity to those of the host and the pathogen can be effectively used for designing a drug specifically targeting the pathogen. Detection of bacterial genes that are non-homologous  to human genes and are essential for the survival of the pathogen represents a promising means of identifying novel drug targets (sakharkar et al.,2004).

  The computation approach has been used to investigate novel drug targets in other pathogenic organisms such as pseudomonas aeruginosa (sakharkar et al., 2004; perumal et al., 2007) and in Helicobacter pylori (dutta et al., 2006). In their study, the search for potential vaccine and drug targets against staphylococcus aureus was carried out by in silico.

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

. AIMS

To identify different drug target enzymes in staphylococcus aureus.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

1. To extract protein from NCBI( national center for biotechnology information) database in staphylococcus aureus.

2. To identify non-human homolog proteins to serve as drug target.

3. To find and locate those essential genes of staphylococcus aureus that play important roles in the normal functioning of the bacterium with the host and to short list them in the view of drug targeting.