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The Influence Of Child Abuse On The Social Adjustment Of Pupils In Primary Schools
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 4]
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CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introduction
The level of orientation achieved
by the adolescent in the society today, plays back to the kind of early
care which the child received from parents, pre – school teachers and
the society at large. This is because all the key ingredients of
emotional intelligence such as confidence, curiosity, intentionally,
self control, relatedness, capacity to communicate and co-operateness
that determines how a child learns and relates in school and in life
general are developed.
Anderson (1999), stated that, childhood is the
time we learn basic skills and establish the platform for our future.
Therefore, the need for achievement orientation among adolescent in our
society is paramount because it is what ever orientation he or she get
that affect the feeling about himself and his relationship with others.
People with a high need for achievement sick out situation in which
they can compete against some standard be it grades, money, or winning
at a game and prove themselves successful while people with low
achievement orientation tend to be motivated primarily by a desire to
avoid failure as a result, they seek out easy tasks, being sure to avoid
failure or seek out very difficult tasks for which failure has no
negative implications, since almost anyone would fail at them.
However,
the beginning of the adolescent perception of his environment is the
accumulated experiences the adolescent gathers from the infant stage to
the adolescent period. This is a period the adolescent begins to see
things as relative rather than absolute.
Piaget (1966) as contained
in Osarenren (2000), observed that it is a period known as formal
operational stage (11-15 years) the key patterns of reasoning at this
stages combinational, proportional, probabilistic and correlational
during this period, the adolescent reason out everything key perceive in
their own way.
Bond (1989) asserted that adolescent with a
background of family tension may approach schooling as unhappy and
insecure, those from a culture different from that of the teacher and
different from that portrayed in the learning materials may experience
unusual difficulty in learning.
Some adolescents come from a home
environment which provides love, understanding, an opportunity to
develop individuality and a feeling of security which others do not.
Quarreling parents, broken homes, child neglect, child abuse, over
protection, parental domination, anxiety, hostility and destructive
rivalry among siblings are likely to produce nervous tension and
feelings of insecurity and consequently lead to low achievement
orientation.
When the behaviour of a low achiever is compared to that
of an adolescent making normal progress, it becomes obvious that there
are differences in personal and social adjustment. Adolescent who are
failing to achieve well are more likely to show signs of emotional and
social maladjustment than their successful peers. Most adolescent with
low achievement manifest some sort of maladjustment ranging in degree of
mild to severe.
In the classroom, adolescent with low achievement
manifest symptoms of stress in one way or the other. Often, they appear
shy or restless, some seems unable to concentrate. They lack
self-confidence, they become discouraged easily and tend to give up when
work becomes difficult. The inability to achieve satisfactory usually
means severe frustration for the adolescent when his unsuccessful
attempts to achieve high make him conspicuous in a society unfavorable
way, the adolescent is hurt and ashamed. His continued lack of success
with attendant frustration and feelings of insecurity bring on emotional
maladjustment.
Sornson (2002), stated that, some of these adolescent
easily become convinced that they are stupid. This feeling of
inadequacy is enhanced by the attitude of their classmates, their
parents and their teachers. Sometimes, failure leads adolescent to
become timid, withdrawn and they frequently day dream. Others may
compensate for their feelings of inferiority by developing various forms
of anti social behaivour which leads to negative self talk.
Negative
statements about self originated from poor conceptualization of idea
and thoughts. An individual first think of something within him before
he acts. This is because a thought of an idea is first generated or
conceptualized before one verbalizes or acts it. This thought might be
rational or irrational, positive or negative.
The achievement
orientation of an adolescent plays back at his thought process which
consequently makes that adolescent make either rational or irrational
statement about self which are capable of influencing his behaviour.
Hensen
(1997) observed that because man has been endowed with the ability to
verbalize, thinking and emotion as presented by Elis takes the forms of
self talk, and this self talk directs the individuals behaviour in
either rational or irrational direction
It is imperative however,
that the handicapped who has been tagged with various adjectives like
unproductive, totally dependant, second class citizen, by the society
tends to direct his behaviour towards irrational direction and hence
negative self concept, wrong perception of self, poor actualization,
poor judgmental value of the ideal self. He makes distorted statements
about self and about others. He is biased about other people’s opinion
about him. On the whole, he is socially maladjusted in the society.
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 4]
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The study examined the influence of child abuse on the social adjustment of children in primary schools in Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State. In this study, some relevant and extensive literatures were review under relevant sub-headings. The descriptive research survey was used to assess the respondents; opinions using the questionnaire and the sampling technique. In this study, 120 (one hundred and twenty) respondents were selected and used as samples to represent the population of ... Continue reading---
