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The Influence Of Child Abuse On The Social Adjustment Of Pupils In Primary Schools
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Nelson
(1997), asserts that teachers can become more effective classroom
managers by increasing their rate of contingent positive statement for
appropriate students behaviour and decreasing the rate of negative
statements for in appropriate students behaviour.
The praise and
ignore techniques has been repeatedly demonstrated to be an effective
classroom management procedure by some behaviourist (Becker, Madsen abd
Thomas, 1987, Madson and Thomas 1988 )
Nelson (1997), carried out
two experiments with classroom teachers, using self-monitoring to alter
negative classroom verbalization. In experiment 1, two teachers
self-recorded positive and negative classroom verbalization during
different phase of the study. In experiment 11, four teachers
self-recorded positive or negative classroom verbalizations and received
experimental instructions to increase positive statements or to
decrease negative statement the result of their study showed that
self-recording tend to increase positive statements but was less
effective in decreasing negative statements.
Merchenbaum (1995),
noted that negative self talks contribute to maladaptive behaviour in
many situations. He went further to say that adolescents thinking style
or what he says to himself has an important role in the definition of
the present problem.
According to Meichanban, investigations who had
treated phobias with different treatment procedures have all suggested
that a common mediating mechanism underlying the therapy process is a
change in the client’s self statements. Those who have attempted to
reduce phobia behaviour by means of desensitization, modeling, flooding
and altering cognitions about internal reaction have all commented on
the change process, even when no direct effort is made to change these
talks.
As Herter (1994), noted the therapy technique which is used
to modify the internal dialogue and maladaptive behaviour in large part
depends upon how one views the thinking style. Different
conceptualizations leads to different therapeutic interventions.
Mecichenbaum
(1995) also observed that some semantic or cognitive therapists
view the negative self. Talks and poor achievement orientation of the
faulty belief system and faulty thinking patterns. It was however
concluded that modeling, behavioural and imagery rehearsal, operant and
aversive conditioning and others could be used to modify the
adolescent’s self talk and belief systems for positive achievement
orientation
1.2 Theoretical Background
As we go about our daily
lives, we are constantly thinking about and interpreting the situations
we find ourselves in. It is as though we have an internal voice on our
head that determines how we perceive every situation. We call this inner
voice our self- talk and it includes our conscious thoughts as well as
our unconscious assumptions or beliefs. This study is basically anchored
on four major theories. These are Rational Emotive therapy (RET),
Eilis (1967), achievement orientation theory by Michem (1973), the
A-B-C- of self talk by (Edelmen’s abd Remond, L 2005) and attribution
theory
1. Rational Emotive Theory: The central point of RET is
that psychologist can help their clients to live the most self
fulfilling, creative and emotionally satisfying lives by teaching them
now to organize their thinking.
Rational psychotherapy is based on
the assumption that thought and emotion are not too entirely different
processes but that they significantly overlap in many respects and that
therefore, disordered emotions can often (though not always) he
modified by changing one’s thinking. According to Elis (1967) thinking
is a more harmful, less accurate directed mode of discrimation than
emotional thinking and emotion tend to take the form of self-talk or
internalized sentences
Nevertheless, the psychologists main goals
should be those of demonstrating to client that their self- talk have
been and still are the prime source of their emotional disturbance.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The study examined the influence of child abuse on the social adjustment of children in primary schools in Mainland Local Government Area of Lagos State. In this study, some relevant and extensive literatures were review under relevant sub-headings. The descriptive research survey was used to assess the respondents; opinions using the questionnaire and the sampling technique. In this study, 120 (one hundred and twenty) respondents were selected and used as samples to represent the population of ... Continue reading---
