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Labour Welfare And The Industrial Relations In A Depressed Economy
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Labour
in general, could be defined as the human efforts of any kind, manual
or mental, skilled or unskilled, scientific or artistic. It is the human
knowledge transformed into activity that gives utilities or values to
all commodities.
It is a man who cultivates land whether he uses hoe
or tractor. It is the same man who sows, weed, harvest, process, stores
and sell. Every single endeavour here on earth has man's finger print.
All these human efforts which are vital to production are called LABOUR.
The productivity of a worker would be a function of the amount of
effort a man can put forward in a given period of time and skill. When
we talk of productivity, we mean the increased efficiency and the rate
of which goods are produced, while labour is the bodily and mental work.
Welfare
services are so enormous and numerous. This can be defined as the added
advantage or support given to the workers by the employer or the
company at large. This can be described as the Canteen Services,
Financial Support, Educational Financial Support, Transport Facilities,
Medical Facilities, Maternity Benefits, Gratuity Scheme, Employment
Provident Fund, Compensation Scheme, Recreational Benefits, etc.
The
Coinage of the term Industrial Relation is originally traceable to the
historical circumstances of British industrial revolution of the 18th
and 19th centuries in Europe. It should be remembered that the
industrial revolution was accompanied by a breakdown of the manorial
system and serfdom, i.e. person client relationship that was tied to the
tradition land ownership in the form of the employment contract between
the workers and the employer. Workers exploitation through a regime of
oppressive or horrifying wages: poor organization climate, poor quality
of working life. The inherent profit motivation of capitalist, employers
of their surrogates (e.g. manager) on the other hand and primary reward
and job satisfaction interest if ranks and file employees.
Industrial
relation is the study of employment relationship that is between
workers and management or employer. Here are some of their definitions
by different authors:-
Beatrice Webb (1890): defines industrial
relation as whole web of human interaction at work which is predicated
upon and arise out of employment contact.
UBEKU (1982): defines industrial relation as a resolution of industrial conflicts.
HYMAN
(1975): opines that industrial relation as a process of control over
work relation and among their process, those involving works
organization and of a particular concern.
When we talk of economic
depression, it means a situation whereby the employment phase falls,
economic meltdown, but the rate of fall gradually decreases until the
circle through is reached. Economic depression of a country is the
devaluation of currency. High level of unemployment rate in any economy
is a state or period of economic depression.
The value of labour to
an employer varies with the marginal productivity of the worker. This is
the additional contribution which the last worker makes to the
employer's output. Marginal productivity of labour must be equal to the
wages rate if the product rises, all other things being equal and
employer of labour will be able to employ more labour. The marginal
productivity of labour will be affected by the following factors:-
a) The natural ability of labourer's efficiency and training.
b)
The equipment with which the worker works will also be determined by
the marginal productivity of labour, where modern and suitable equipment
are used, labour is likely to have a high marginal productivity
c)
The conditions of demand for the product which labour produces will
also affect marginal productivity of labour. If the demand for the
product increases, the employer will employ more labour force adding
more to earnings and loss of production. This will affect the overall
demand for labour and its marginal productivity.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The study cantered on Labour Welfare and Industrial Relations in a Depressed Economy; a case study of Grief Nigeria Pic which intends to show the importance of labour welfare and industrial relations in a workplace and the environment at large. The study revealed that interaction in workplace boost performance. The organisation's welfare system should be highly improved. Workers appreciate the welfare package they get from their employers. Management should pay attention to the basic needs of th ... Continue reading---
