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Home Variable And Mal-adjusted Behavior Among Adolescents
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1.2.1 COGNITIVE MODEL
Cognitive perspective- “the school of
psychology†that examines internal mental processes such as creativity,
perception, thinking problem solving, memory and language; cognitive
psychologists are interested in how a person understands, diagnosis and
solves a problem, concerning themselves with the mental processes that
mediate between stimulus and response. This view of maladaptive or
maladjusted behaviour focuses on the mental process. The model
postulates that thoughts and beliefs of the individual is central to the
maladjusted behaviour he/she manifests. Among the leading scholars in
this field is Gestalt.
1.2.2MEDICAL MODEL
This model suggests
that the root cause of maladjusted behaviour will be found in the
physical examination of the individual, such as hormonal imbalance,
chemical deficiency, brain injury, etc.
According to this model, and
individual is judged to be maladaptive if the person can be assigned to a
psychiatric category of DSM-IV or ICD-IO. Because many types of
maladaptive behaviour have been linked to biological causes, the medical
model seems to be a reasonable approach, athough Brunner (1993) has
however report that recent advances in our understanding of the
biological bases of behaviour have supported the importance of
considering physiological causes in abnormal or maladjusted behaviour.
1.2.3 HUMANISTIC MODEL
The
model of maladjusted behaviour focuses on the control and
responsibility that people have for their own behaviour. It concentrates
on what is uniquely human, viewing people as basically rational and
motivated to get along with others. (Rogers, 1980). This model also
views people as having an awareness of life and constantly searching for
meaning and self-worth. It argues that, as long as people’s behaviours
are not hurting to other and they do bot feel personal distress they
should be free to choose the behaviours they engage in. however, the
short fall of humanistic model lies in its reliance on unscientific,
unverifiable information (Aldridge, 1989).
1.2.4 BEHAVIOURAL MODEL
This
school believes that maladjustment behaviours are equally acquired just
as we acquire normal behaviours. It also explains that when an
individual has a maladjusted behaviour, it is the behaviour that is the
problem not the person. They believe since such behaviour has been
learned, they can also be unlearned.
According to the school, the
person exhibiting any maladjusted haviour is not sick. He can unlearn it
through retraining or conditioning. Among the leading proponents of
this view are B.F Skinner and J.B Watson.
1.2.5 PSYCHO-ANALYTIC MODEL
This
perspective seems to strongly support this study. It explains that
maladaptive behaviour is learned within a social context ranging from
the family, to the community, to the culture. According to this model
the individual’s behavoiur is said to be maladjusted if it does not
conform to the established culture of a society.
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