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Statistical Analysis Of The Queuing System In A Bus Terminal
[A CASE STUDY OF NEKEDE BUS TERMINAL]
CHAPTER ONE -- [Total Page(s) 5]
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Waiting in lines is a part of
our everyday life. Waiting in lines may be due to the demand at any one
time may be more than the capacity of service (over crowded),
overfilling or due to congestion. Any time there is more customer demand
for a service than can be provided, a waiting lines forms. We wait in
lines at the movie theatre, at the bank for a teller, at hospital (s)
for diagnosis and treatment at a grocery store. Wait time is depends on
the number of people waiting before you, the number of servers serving
line, and the amount of service time for each individual customer.
Customers can be humans or an object such as customer orders to be
process, a machine waiting for repair. Matte analytical method of
analyzing the relationship between congestion and delay caused by it can
be modelled using queuing analysis. Queuing theory provides tools
needed for analysis of system of congestion. Mathematically, systems of
congestion appear in many diverse and complicated ways and can vary in
extent and complexity.
A waiting line system or queuing
system is defined by two important elements: the population source of
its customers and the process or service system. The customer population
can be considered as finite or infinite. The customer population is
finite when the number of customers affects the potential new customers
for the service system already in the system. When the number of
customers waiting in line does not significantly affect the rate at
which the population generates new customers, the customer population is
considered infinite. Customer behaviour can change and depends on
waiting line characteristics. In addition to waiting, a customer can
choose other alternative. When a customer enters the waiting line but
leaves before being serviced, process is called Reneging. When customers
changes one line to another to reduce wait time, process is
calledjockeying. Balking occurs when a customer do not enter waiting
line but decides to come back later. Another element of queuing system
is service system. The number of waiting lines, the number of services,
the arrangement of the services, the arrival and service patterns, and
the service priority rules characterized the service system. Queue
system can have channels or multiple waiting lines. Examples of single
waiting line are bank counter, airline counters, restaurants, amusement
parks etc. In these examples multiple servers might serve customer. In
the single line multiple servers has better performance in terms of
waiting times and eliminates jockeying behaviour than the system with a
singe line for each server. System serving capacity is a function of the
number of service facilities and severs proficiency. In queuing system,
the terms server and channel are used interchangeable. Queuing systems
are either single server or multiple servers. Single server examples
includes gas station food mart with single checkout counter, a theatre
with a single person selling ticket and controlling admission into the
show. Multiple server examples include gas station with multiple gas
pumps, grocery stores with multiple cashiers, and multiple tellers in a
bank. Services require single activity or services of activities called
phases. In a Single-phase system, the service is completed all at once,
such as a bank transaction or grocery store checkout counter. In a
multiple phase system, the service is completed in a series of phases,
such as at fast food restaurant with ordering, pay, and pick up windows.
Queuing system is characterised by rate at which customers arrive and
served by service system. Arrival rate specifies the average number of
customers per time period. The service rate specifies the average number
of customer that can be served during a time period.
The service rate governs capacity of the service system.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The need to reduce the length of queue (waiting time) forms the basis of this research. This project work centers on the queuing system witnessed at the Nekede bus terminal; and a single serve queuing system was adopted in the analysis. The basic aim and objectives of this research is to identify the distribution of the arrival and service and finding out if increasing the number services (terminal) would tend to reduce the waiting time in the system. Different probability distribution where use ... Continue reading---
