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Statistical Analysis Of Infant And Child Mortality Rate
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CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Infant
mortality refers to the death of a child born alive before its first
birthday and child mortality is the death of a child aged between one
and five years. Demographers have for a long time been interested in the
study of mortality which is one of the components of population change.
Infant and child mortality are among the best indicators of
socioeconomic development because a society life expectancy at birth is
determined by the survival chance of infants and children.
Childhood
mortality is an important indicator of all heath programs and policies;
likewise it contributes to population projection. Childhood mortality
measures also help identify specific population that are at increase in
health risk. Several measures of childhood mortality are calculated
using Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data. During the twentieth century
almost all countries experienced decreases in child mortality rate.
However, the timing and pace of the decline varied substantially.
Sustained reductions in child mortality began in the nineteenth century
in Europe, North America, and Japan and continued gradually throughout
the twentieth century. Major declines in other parts of the world
generally began only after World War II. Mortality reductions in Asia,
Latin America and Africa were usually much more rapid that they had been
in countries that began mortality declines earlier. By 1999 there were
great variations in child mortality among countries for example,
although less than 0.5 percent of children died before the fifth
birthday in Iceland, more than 33 percent died by age five in Niger.
Since the 1960s the decline in child mortality sometimes has appeared to
have stagnated as was the period from 1975– 1985, when many poor
countries experienced severe crises and other problems such as economic
recovery from the 0.1 crisis of 1973 – 1974. Recent evidence suggests
that child mortality has continued to decline in most countries since
1980. However, during the 1990s the HIV/AIDS epidemic halted or reversed
declines in child mortality in some eastern and southern African
countries. For example, in Zimbabwe in the period 1990 – 1994 there were
50 deaths under age five per 1,000 live births.
Statistics therefore
as the science of information analysis or scientific method of
collecting, presenting or organizing and interpreting numerical data in
such a way that valid and useful conclusion will be drawn to clear away
uncertainties. It implies in many aspects of studies and life in general
one of the aspects is demography. The demography means the study of
human population and factors that affect it. These are fertility,
morbidity mortality etc. but the scope of these project be centered on
analyzing infant and child mortality rate among various age groups we
shall consider how genders is also related to death in a particular age
group.
Federal Medical Center Keffi (FMC) was formally known as
General Hospital Keffi. It is located at the center of the town, along
old Akwanga road; it was upgraded to its current status as Federal
Medical Center (FMC),during the first democratic government of former
Senator, Dr. (Alh) Abdullahi Adamu, the Sarkin Yakin Keffi, and the Aare
Obateru of the source in the year 2003. The hospital then had a staff
capacity of 1687with a bed space of 774.Currently the Federal Medical
Center (FMC) Keffi has over 3687 work force (staff) with about 1200 bed
space in estimate. FMC was built in order to create easy access to good
medical facility to its populace (Nasarawa State) people of Nigeria at
large.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]The research work “analysis on infant and child mortality in federal medical centre (f.m.c) Keffi†was carried out to: test for the difference of two means between infant and child mortality rate; estimate infant and child mortality rate; estimate age specific fertility rate; and to determine the trend line and forecast of infant and child mortality. The data for the research was collected using a documentary method, and was analyzed using; time series analysis, difference of two mea ... Continue reading---
