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Route Survey Of The Stretch Of Road From Oriawo Along Ogbomoso Road, Oyo To School Of Science, Sabo Oyo Town, Atiba Local Government Area, Oyo State
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Traverse is a sequence of connected straight lines whose direction and distances have been measured. Traverse is also the process of connecting series of lines with known bearings and distances. It is subdivided into first order for precise measurement and second order for the establishment of secondary controls while the third order is meant for survey of tertiary and topographical features.
Basak (2000) explained leveling as the art of determining the relative vertical heights of different point on the earth surface.
Detailing is defined as the process of fixing topographical features to the survey line. Any of these under listed methods could be used:
(1) Chain survey method (tie line and offset)
(2) Plane table survey method
(3) Compass survey method
(4) Tacheometric method
(5) By the use of total station
Robert (2000) stated that designing of route without a large scale and up-to-date mapping through dense vegetation is a challenge.
He further explained that aerial photograph is very unpunctual and may not give the expected results but air borne lidar of remote sensing techniques could be more accurate, faster, reduce the required ground survey control.
Brinker and minick (1987) stated that tunnels, dams, sewer lines, pipelines and transmission lines are engineering construction works having linear shapes which are classified as route. Hence, route survey as a unique system for expressing route geometry has developed to a broad range used in executing project by all surveyors, designers and contractors.
It was narrated by Vincent-Tao and El-Sheimy (2000) that the best way of acquiring data and information during the survey for the purpose of rehabilitation of a highway route could be done using mobile mapping system.
A comprehensive route survey consists of some operations which are:
(1) Reconnaissance
(2) Preliminary survey
(3) Location survey
(4) Construction survey
RECONNAISSANCE
A reconnaissance is a rapid and rough survey in which a thorough examination of the area through which the proposed survey line is to run is conducted to ascertain the best routes and the approximate cost of the project. The reconnaissance survey is the key to the project and therefore must be done under the supervision of an experienced engineer who should be unbiased, resourceful, and gifted with aptitude of engineering projects and having wide power of observation for the present as well as for the future requirements.
The first step in reconnaissance survey is to collect the available map and aerial photography of the area. Various possible routes are marked on the map keeping the general topography of the area in mind. The area under consideration is examined in detail in order to assess the feasibility and relative merits of all the possible routes.
In the second step of reconnaissance, approximate elevation and distances are measured. The directions and angles are also measured by using magnetic compass.
PRELIMINARY SURVEY
A preliminary survey is a detailed survey of a narrow strip of the country through which the proposed line is expected to run. The purpose of such survey is to prepare an accurate topographical map of the selected belt of the country to arrive at a close estimate of the cost of the line. Preliminary survey also help in the preparation of construction plans.
The field work in preliminary survey usually consist of traversing by theodolite along the selected route and the distances, heights and angles between the traverse stations are measured accurately in order to prepare a topographical map of the selected narrow stip. The preliminary survey should be quite accurate so that the selection of the final alignment can be made.
LOCATION SURVEY
Location survey is carried out in two stages:
a. Office location
b. Field location
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTTheproject was focused on the execution of route surveying for the purpose of road reconstruction from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Stations were selected along the existing route at regular intervals as in the specificationsTheodolite traverse was run over stations, while levels were observed along the longitudinal and cross-sections of the traverse lines. All data were gathered with effective orientation from the controls, these were used to pro ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]FEDERAL SCHOOL OF SURVEYING, OYO FinalProject On Route Surveying ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 3.1: Coordinates of existing ground controls used Table 3.2 Collimation test Table 3.3: Initial control check observation. Table 3.4: Back computation of initial control used Closing control check observation. Back computation of initial control used Table 4.1 Sample of Horizontal angle reduction Table 4.1 Back computation of traverse pegs ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGUREFigure 1.1: Study Area diagram Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure 3.1 Recce Diagram Figure 3.2: Leveling instrument set up mid-way (first set-up) Figure 3.3: Leveling instrument set up( second set up) Figure 3.4 Initial control check observations Figure 3.6 A typical monument used Figure 3.7: Longitudinal sections leveling. Figure 3.8: Cross-sectional leveling. Fig.: 3.9 – Illustration of detailing by tachometer method ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLES OF CONTENTSTITLE PAGE CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 1.3.0 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.3.1 AIM 1.3.2 OBJECTIVES 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 1.6 PERSONNEL 1.7 STUDY AREA CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW RECONNAISSANCE PRELIMINARY SURVEY LOCATION SURVEY OFFICE LOCATION: - CHAPTER THREE ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDYEngineering Surveying is one of the branches of surveying which from the general express for any survey work carried out in connection with construction engineering and building project, it is a large scale topographical map survey which the basis for design of engineering works such as highways, railways, canals, tunnels, dams, pipelines and transmission lines.In the word of engineering and environmental studies, surveying has been recognize ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]The table below also shows the back computation of the first set of control used.From the above two tables:The Observed angle at FSS2/GPS/120 (between FSS2/GPS/121 & FSS2/GPS/118) =120º 14’ 25â€Forward bearing from FSS2/GPS/120to FSS2/GPS/118 =358º 09’ 34.64â€Back bearing from FSS2/GPS/120 to FSS2/GPS/121 =237º55’15.9â€Computed Angle betweenFSS2/GPS/121&FSS2/GPS/118 = Forward bearing-Back bearing =358º09’ 34.64â€- 237º 55’ 15. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 DATA PROCESSING AND RESULT ANALYSIS This involved calculations that are based on acquired data from the field observation to determine locations, direction, height, distance and area etc. some specific formulae were employed for each data set depending on the desired end products and great degree of precision was required.4.1 FIELD BOOKS REDUCTIONS Every field book was reduced to generate the final data set to be used in the final computation4.1.1 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION5.1 SUMMARYThe reconnaissance, which was the main planning, was carefully carried out because of its importance to good execution of any survey project or work. Having carried out the reconnaissance, six (6) second order control stations were located and used as connection along the given route. The total number of nineteen (19) stations excluding the controls where the angles and distances were determine by a closed traverse met ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESBANNISTER AND RAYMOND (1977) Surveying: 4th Ed, Pitman Publishing Ltd, London. Pg. 205BASAK, N.N (2000): Surveying and leveling, Tata Mchraw Hill publishing company Delhi, p.173, Pp.439-444.BRINKER, R. C. AND MINICK, P. R. (1987): Elementary Surveying, 6th Edition IEP- A Donnseley New York. Pg. 3CLARK, DAVID (1972): Pane and Geodetic surveying for Engineers, 6th edition, vol.1, London: Constable and Co. Limited, pg.144 IDEMUDIA, I.M. (2007):â€Right of Way and Acquisi ... Continue reading---
