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Route Survey Of The Stretch Of Road From Oriawo Along Ogbomoso Road, Oyo To School Of Science, Sabo Oyo Town, Atiba Local Government Area, Oyo State
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OFFICE LOCATION: -
This involves marking of the selected final alignment including the horizontal curves at the desired locations on the map of the selected strip. This is known as paper location. The final alignment may be anywhere in the stripe and in most favourable position. The longitudinal section or profile is the final alignment from the contours on the map and grade line is marked on the profile in pencil.
The following points should be considered while selecting the final alignment
(1) Minimum gradient
(2) Minimum curvature
(3) Equalization(balancing) of earthwork
(4) Heavy earthwork
(5) Minimum number of expensive bridge
(6) Minimum number of retaining and breast walls
(7) Suitable crossing for rivers
FIELD LOCATION: - This is the process of transferring the paper location of the final alignment of a route to the ground i.e. it is the setting out of the paper location on the ground. Sometimes minor changes in the alignment are made in the field location if necessary.
The centre line of the final alignment of the route is set out on the ground by the following methods:
(1) By intersection between the paper location of the alignment and the traverse
(2) By scaling the position of the various points on the map and transferring them to the ground.
CONSTRUCTION SURVEY
The purpose of the construction survey is to re-establish points, lines and grades on the ground for construction of the project. It is essentially setting out the details of the route on the ground. It also consists in setting out culverts, bridges, aqueduct, siphons, etc and in carrying on such other surveying as may be needed for the purpose of construction.
A project construction engineer is entrusted with the entire job which may consist the following:
a) Visiting the located line and checking the location stakes.
b) Resetting the missing or disturbed stakes from the field notes.
c) Checking the levels of various points and establishing additional benchmarks.
d) Setting out additional stakes at the intersections of the tangents.
e) Setting out the side slope stakes for earthwork as well as grade stakes.
f) Setting out the stakes for structures such as culverts, bridge abutments etc.
g) Setting out the curves (simple, transition and vertical).
h) Setting out the sides of barrow pits.
i) Taking final cross-sections for ascertaining the quantity of earthwork.
j) Determining the water way for each bridge.
k) Measuring the finished work at regular intervals for regular payment of the constructors.
Most of the roads we ply were as a result of the application of route survey, for example: right of way and acquisition survey was carried out by Setraco Nigeria Limited on Abuja-Keffi road (52km) for the purpose of expanding the road. Automated survey method was used and some of the survey instruments used were GPS and its accessories, Total stations, EDM, Digital level etc. the survey was completed in July 2000, due to delay in paying compensation to the affected land owners, further encroachment were recorded within the right of way.
Dentata and Sawoe Nigeria limited were responsible for that of Jibiakaro Namoda-Gusau road (161km), some of the survey instruments stated above were also used. This was done to determine: the extent of the area that is needed for expansion of the road, the details of all the properties and buildings that fall within that area, knowing the details of owners of such properties for the payment of compensation for the right owner and also it aid in determining an estimate of the amount to pay as compensation (Idemudia, 2007).
Route surveying is an engineering works which takes interest part in construction works. Hence the improvement in the economy has contributed tremendous increase in population of vehicles, advancement in construction technology trained professional and emergency of caterpillars. Therefore route surveying will no doubt serve as a means of improving the condition of the road and hence alleviates the problems of transportation.
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTTheproject was focused on the execution of route surveying for the purpose of road reconstruction from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Stations were selected along the existing route at regular intervals as in the specificationsTheodolite traverse was run over stations, while levels were observed along the longitudinal and cross-sections of the traverse lines. All data were gathered with effective orientation from the controls, these were used to pro ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]FEDERAL SCHOOL OF SURVEYING, OYO FinalProject On Route Surveying ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 3.1: Coordinates of existing ground controls used Table 3.2 Collimation test Table 3.3: Initial control check observation. Table 3.4: Back computation of initial control used Closing control check observation. Back computation of initial control used Table 4.1 Sample of Horizontal angle reduction Table 4.1 Back computation of traverse pegs ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGUREFigure 1.1: Study Area diagram Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure 3.1 Recce Diagram Figure 3.2: Leveling instrument set up mid-way (first set-up) Figure 3.3: Leveling instrument set up( second set up) Figure 3.4 Initial control check observations Figure 3.6 A typical monument used Figure 3.7: Longitudinal sections leveling. Figure 3.8: Cross-sectional leveling. Fig.: 3.9 – Illustration of detailing by tachometer method ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLES OF CONTENTSTITLE PAGE CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 1.3.0 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.3.1 AIM 1.3.2 OBJECTIVES 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 1.6 PERSONNEL 1.7 STUDY AREA CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW RECONNAISSANCE PRELIMINARY SURVEY LOCATION SURVEY OFFICE LOCATION: - CHAPTER THREE ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDYEngineering Surveying is one of the branches of surveying which from the general express for any survey work carried out in connection with construction engineering and building project, it is a large scale topographical map survey which the basis for design of engineering works such as highways, railways, canals, tunnels, dams, pipelines and transmission lines.In the word of engineering and environmental studies, surveying has been recognize ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER THREE - [ Total Page(s): 9 ]The table below also shows the back computation of the first set of control used.From the above two tables:The Observed angle at FSS2/GPS/120 (between FSS2/GPS/121 & FSS2/GPS/118) =120º 14’ 25â€Forward bearing from FSS2/GPS/120to FSS2/GPS/118 =358º 09’ 34.64â€Back bearing from FSS2/GPS/120 to FSS2/GPS/121 =237º55’15.9â€Computed Angle betweenFSS2/GPS/121&FSS2/GPS/118 = Forward bearing-Back bearing =358º09’ 34.64â€- 237º 55’ 15. ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 DATA PROCESSING AND RESULT ANALYSIS This involved calculations that are based on acquired data from the field observation to determine locations, direction, height, distance and area etc. some specific formulae were employed for each data set depending on the desired end products and great degree of precision was required.4.1 FIELD BOOKS REDUCTIONS Every field book was reduced to generate the final data set to be used in the final computation4.1.1 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION5.1 SUMMARYThe reconnaissance, which was the main planning, was carefully carried out because of its importance to good execution of any survey project or work. Having carried out the reconnaissance, six (6) second order control stations were located and used as connection along the given route. The total number of nineteen (19) stations excluding the controls where the angles and distances were determine by a closed traverse met ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESBANNISTER AND RAYMOND (1977) Surveying: 4th Ed, Pitman Publishing Ltd, London. Pg. 205BASAK, N.N (2000): Surveying and leveling, Tata Mchraw Hill publishing company Delhi, p.173, Pp.439-444.BRINKER, R. C. AND MINICK, P. R. (1987): Elementary Surveying, 6th Edition IEP- A Donnseley New York. Pg. 3CLARK, DAVID (1972): Pane and Geodetic surveying for Engineers, 6th edition, vol.1, London: Constable and Co. Limited, pg.144 IDEMUDIA, I.M. (2007):â€Right of Way and Acquisi ... Continue reading---
