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Route Survey Of The Stretch Of Road From Oriawo Along Ogbomoso Road, Oyo To School Of Science, Sabo Oyo Town, Atiba Local Government Area, Oyo State
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0 METHODOLOGY
Different survey methods and techniques were employed in the execution of the route survey project. The methods adopted comprises of the following; reconnaissance, location of controls and checks, selection of stations, test of instrument, data acquisition, which include theodolite traversing, leveling,(profile and cross section) detailing by the use of total station(traverse method), curve designation, data processing, and information presentation.
3.1 RECONNAISSANCE
Reconnaissance is the initial and one of the most important stages in surveying. This is the actual visitation to the particular area to be surveyed, in order to obtain an overall picture of the area before any type of survey work is undertaken. Reconnaissance survey helps to minimize any delays or changes in the observing schedule. There may be unnecessary loss of workdays if one goes to the project site with inadequate and insufficient information, which is needed to arrange for logistics and description for locating survey marks. But for this project; it was carried out in two ways namely:
i. Office reconnaissance
ii. Field reconnaissance
3.1.1 OFFICE PLANNING
During the office reconnaissance, the coordinates of the control Points to be used for the survey work were collected from SIWES and Practical Unit, Federal School of Surveying, Oyo. Also collected was the sketch map of the project area, thus knowing the latitudes and longitudes of the place. The decision on the best way to carry out the project was made after receiving instruction from my supervisor. The table below shows the coordinates of the control beacons used.
3.1.2 FIELD RECONNAISSANCE
During the field reconnaissance, the project site was visited in order to have an overall picture of the site i.e. to know how the terrain of the project site look like before the commencement of actual work.
The following activities were carried out during the field recce:
i. Location of the existing controls used for this project.
ii. Establishment of boundary marks.
iii. Ensuring inter-visibility and accessibility between boundary marks
iv. Sketching of the recce diagram (fig 3.1)
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTTheproject was focused on the execution of route surveying for the purpose of road reconstruction from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Stations were selected along the existing route at regular intervals as in the specificationsTheodolite traverse was run over stations, while levels were observed along the longitudinal and cross-sections of the traverse lines. All data were gathered with effective orientation from the controls, these were used to pro ... Continue reading---
APPENDIX A - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]FEDERAL SCHOOL OF SURVEYING, OYO FinalProject On Route Surveying ... Continue reading---
LIST OF TABLES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF TABLESTable 3.1: Coordinates of existing ground controls used Table 3.2 Collimation test Table 3.3: Initial control check observation. Table 3.4: Back computation of initial control used Closing control check observation. Back computation of initial control used Table 4.1 Sample of Horizontal angle reduction Table 4.1 Back computation of traverse pegs ... Continue reading---
LIST OF FIGURES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]LIST OF FIGUREFigure 1.1: Study Area diagram Error! Bookmark not defined.Figure 3.1 Recce Diagram Figure 3.2: Leveling instrument set up mid-way (first set-up) Figure 3.3: Leveling instrument set up( second set up) Figure 3.4 Initial control check observations Figure 3.6 A typical monument used Figure 3.7: Longitudinal sections leveling. Figure 3.8: Cross-sectional leveling. Fig.: 3.9 – Illustration of detailing by tachometer method ... Continue reading---
TABLE OF CONTENTS - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]TABLES OF CONTENTSTITLE PAGE CERTIFICATE CERTIFICATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT LIST OF FIGURE LIST OF TABLES CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY 1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 1.3.0 AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 1.3.1 AIM 1.3.2 OBJECTIVES 1.5 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 1.6 PERSONNEL 1.7 STUDY AREA CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW RECONNAISSANCE PRELIMINARY SURVEY LOCATION SURVEY OFFICE LOCATION: - CHAPTER THREE ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER ONE - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDYEngineering Surveying is one of the branches of surveying which from the general express for any survey work carried out in connection with construction engineering and building project, it is a large scale topographical map survey which the basis for design of engineering works such as highways, railways, canals, tunnels, dams, pipelines and transmission lines.In the word of engineering and environmental studies, surveying has been recognize ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER TWO - [ Total Page(s): 3 ]Traverse is a sequence of connected straight lines whose direction and distances have been measured. Traverse is also the process of connecting series of lines with known bearings and distances. It is subdivided into first order for precise measurement and second order for the establishment of secondary controls while the third order is meant for survey of tertiary and topographical features.Basak (2000) explained leveling as the art of determining the relative vertical heights of different poin ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FOUR - [ Total Page(s): 5 ]CHAPTER FOUR4.0 DATA PROCESSING AND RESULT ANALYSIS This involved calculations that are based on acquired data from the field observation to determine locations, direction, height, distance and area etc. some specific formulae were employed for each data set depending on the desired end products and great degree of precision was required.4.1 FIELD BOOKS REDUCTIONS Every field book was reduced to generate the final data set to be used in the final computation4.1.1 ... Continue reading---
CHAPTER FIVE - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]CHAPTER FIVE5.0 SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION5.1 SUMMARYThe reconnaissance, which was the main planning, was carefully carried out because of its importance to good execution of any survey project or work. Having carried out the reconnaissance, six (6) second order control stations were located and used as connection along the given route. The total number of nineteen (19) stations excluding the controls where the angles and distances were determine by a closed traverse met ... Continue reading---
REFRENCES - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]REFERENCESBANNISTER AND RAYMOND (1977) Surveying: 4th Ed, Pitman Publishing Ltd, London. Pg. 205BASAK, N.N (2000): Surveying and leveling, Tata Mchraw Hill publishing company Delhi, p.173, Pp.439-444.BRINKER, R. C. AND MINICK, P. R. (1987): Elementary Surveying, 6th Edition IEP- A Donnseley New York. Pg. 3CLARK, DAVID (1972): Pane and Geodetic surveying for Engineers, 6th edition, vol.1, London: Constable and Co. Limited, pg.144 IDEMUDIA, I.M. (2007):â€Right of Way and Acquisi ... Continue reading---
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ABSRACT - [ Total Page(s): 1 ]ABSTRACTTheproject was focused on the execution of route surveying for the purpose of road reconstruction from Oriawo along Ogbomosho road, Oyo to School of Science, Sabo Oyo Town. Stations were selected along the existing route at regular intervals as in the specificationsTheodolite traverse was run over stations, while levels were observed along the longitudinal and cross-sections of the traverse lines. All data were gathered with effective orientation from the controls, these were used to pro ... Continue reading---